The Blocking of ZeebruggeCarpenter, Alfred Francis Blakeney
History
The Blocking of Zeebrugge
Carpenter, Alfred Francis Blakeney
World War, 1914-1918 -- Naval operations, British; Zeebrugge-Ostend Raids, 1918
Having decided _where_ and _how_ things should be done, the remaining
question was _when_ they should take place. The operation with its
various phases and diversions could not be carried out on the
go-as-you-please principle. Every item needed to be carefully fitted
in to suit the remainder. The timing of each event was of paramount
importance. A long-range bombardment or an aerial attack, if delayed,
might destroy our own vessels. The blowing up of the viaduct was
calculated to render _hors de combat_ all human beings within a certain
distance--our own men on the Mole must not be endangered by it. It
would be useless for the blockships to arrive before the fire of the
Mole batteries had been suitably diverted. Aerial bombers flying at a
hundred miles per hour could not accompany the ships steaming at about
one-tenth of that speed. The line of fire from the bombarding vessels
could not very well coincide with our approach course, hence the
necessity for the monitors to take up independent positions. And so
on. How could a satisfactory synchronisation of events be
arranged?--that was the problem.
There were only two methods to consider: firstly, that of centralised
command by signal; secondly, that of working in accordance with a
prearranged time table.
The former method was obviously impracticable. Signals passed by
either the wireless or visual method, during the approach, would make
our presence known to the enemy and thus preclude all chance of taking
the latter by surprise. After the attack had commenced signals would
be impracticable for obvious reasons, chief amongst them being the
deafening noise {138} and the presence of artificial fog. So direction
by signal could be ruled out.
[Sidenote: The Timing Question]
Recourse was had to the time-table method. A table was made out
showing the exact times (by clock) that the main force was to pass
through various positions and to arrive at the several destinations.
All other movements were to synchronise according to plan. The time
table naturally varied for each day according to the projected time of
arrival of the blockships, this, in turn, depending on the time of high
tide. But that was not all. It was necessary to guard against
unexpected delays due to accident, and against vagaries of the tidal
stream. Every unit should know, at a late stage of the oversea trip,
if the blockships were likely to be late or early, and the probable
difference between actual and projected time involved.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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