Transcriber’s Notes: Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_), and ^ precedes a superscript (x^2). Additional Transcriber’s Notes are at the end. * * * * * The “Westminster” Series. THE BOOK * * * * * [Illustration: Golden Binding of “The Gospels of Charlemagne,” with Jewels and Enamels, 11th or 12th Century. [_Frontispiece._] THE BOOK ITS HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT BY CYRIL DAVENPORT, V.D. F.S.A. _ILLUSTRATED_ LONDON ARCHIBALD CONSTABLE & CO. LTD. 10 ORANGE STREET LEICESTER SQUARE W.C. 1907 * * * * * BRADBURY, AGNEW, & CO. LD., PRINTERS LONDON AND TONBRIDGE. TABLE OF CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. EARLY RECORDS. Rock inscriptions--Marks on wood--Quipus--Wampum--Modern ideographs--Indian palm-leaf books--Ideographs and alphabets--Diptychs _p._ 1 CHAPTER II. ROLLS, BOOKS AND BOOKBINDINGS. Papyrus and vellum rolls--Quaternions--The sewing of books--Headbands--The rounding and backing of books--Mediæval books--Irish cumdachs--Byzantine bindings--Oriental books--Modern methods of sewing and binding _p._ 26 CHAPTER III. PAPER. Paper--Watermarks and quiring _p._ 62 CHAPTER IV. PRINTING. Assyrian bricks with printed inscriptions--Oiron ware--Chinese types--Block books--Costeriana--Types and stereotypes--Printing presses _p._ 85 CHAPTER V. ILLUSTRATIONS. Wood engraving--Line engraving--Etching--Stipple--Mezzotint--Aquatint--Lithography --Photography _p._ 102 CHAPTER VI. MISCELLANEA. Book edges and their decoration--Embroidered books--Cloth bindings--Account books--End papers--Small metal-bound books--Books bound in tortoiseshell--Chained books--Horn books _p._ 141 CHAPTER VII. LEATHERS. Vellum--Calf--Pig skin--Sheep skin--Goat skin--Seal skin, etc. _p._ 169 CHAPTER VIII. THE ORNAMENTATION OF LEATHER BOOKBINDINGS WITHOUT GOLD. Blind tooling and stamping--Panel stamps--Cut leather--Stained calf--Cut vellum--Transparent vellum _p._ 181 CHAPTER IX. THE ORNAMENTATION OF LEATHER BOOKBINDINGS WITH GOLD.