Impressions of designs in low relief were made on thin leather bindings by means of engraved cylinders in the earlier half of the nineteenth century. They were chiefly used in the small and beautifully illustrated periodicals which were so popular in England--_The Age_, _Friendship’s Offering_, and many more--issued during the earlier half of the nineteenth century and a little after it. Charming designs in cameo are often found in these cases, on paste-boards covered with thin leather, but they are nearly always rubbed badly in projecting places. Some of the best of these designs are by Remnant and Edmonds, Smith Elder & Co., and De La Rue & Co. BOOKS TO CONSULT. BAGFORD’S Notes on Bookbinding. (Bibliographical Soc. Proceedings, Nov. 16, 1903.) BICKELL, L.--Buchereinbände des XV. bis, XVIII. Jahrhunderts aus hessischen Bibliotheken. _Leipzig_, 1892. BOUCHOT, H.--Les reluires d’Art à la Bibliothèque Nationale. _Paris_, 1888. DAVENPORT, CYRIL.--Cantor Lectures on Decorative Bookbinding. _London_, 1898. DAVENPORT, CYRIL.--Early London Bookbindings. _London._ (_The Queen_, 1891.) DUFF, E. G.--Early Stamped Bindings. (Prideaux, S. T.) _London_, 1893. GIBSON, S.--Early Oxford Bindings. _London_, 1903. GIBSON, S.--Some Notable Bodleian Bindings. _Oxford_, 1901-4. GRAY, G. J.--The Earlier Cambridge Bookbinders. _London_, 1904. GRAY, G. J.--A Note upon Early Cambridge Binders of the Sixteenth Century. _Cambridge_, 1900. GROLIER CLUB, New York.--Catalogue of Decorated Early English Bookbindings exhibited ... 1899. _New York_, 1899. LINDSAY, J. L. (_Earl of Crawford_).--Early Bindings Exhibited at the Society of Antiquaries. _London_, 1886. WEALE, W. H. J.--Catalogue of Bookbindings ... in the National Art Library, South Kensington. _London_, 1894. CHAPTER IX. THE ORNAMENTATION OF LEATHER BOOKBINDINGS WITH GOLD. Gold tooling in leather introduced from the East to Venice--Early Italian gold tooled work--The spread of gold tooling in Europe--Modern work--Gold tooling in leather--Early Venetian gold tooled bindings--The work of Thos. Berthelet, John Day, John Gibson, Mary Collet, Samuel Mearne, Suckerman, Eliot and Chapman, Roger Payne, Richard Wier, Charles Hering, Kalthœber, Staggemeier, Walther, Charles Lewis, T. J. Cobden Sanderson, Sir Edw. Sullivan, Douglas Cockerell, E. M. MacColl, S. Prideaux, Adams, Etienne Roffet, Geoffrey Tory, Nicholas and Clovis Eve, Le Gascon, Florimond Badier, Macé Ruette, L. A. Boyet, Padeloup le Jeune, J. Le Monnier, Derome le Jeune, Capé, Duru, Thouvenin, Bauzonnet, Trautz, Lortic.