28 _c._ Lower view of snout of _M. saltiana_ } 80 28 _d._ Posterior mandibulary molar of _M. saltiana_ } 28 _e._ Posterior mandibulary molar of _M. damarensis_ } 29. Head of _Madoqua kirki_ 84 29 _a._ Skull of _Madoqua kirki_ (side view) 85 29 _b._ Skull of _Madoqua kirki_ (upper view) 85 30. Skull of _Madoqua guentheri_ (side view) 90 30 _a._ Skull of _Madoqua guentheri_ (from above) 90 31. Skull and horns of _Cobus crawshayi_ 110 32. Head and foot of “Nsumma Antelope” 117 33. Head of _Cobus maria_, ♂ 123 34. Head of _Cobus thomasi_, ♂ 135 35. Horns of _Cobus vardoni_.--_a._ Side view; _b._ Front view 143 36. Head of _Cobus lechee_ 151 37. Horns of _Cervicapra arundinum_ from Nyasaland 163 38. Skull of _Cervicapra fulvorufula_ 168 39. Skull of _Cervicapra bohor_ 169 40. Head of _Cervicapra redunca_ 174 41. Horns of _Cervicapra fulvorufula_, not adult 181 42. Horns of _Cervicapra fulvorufula_, aged 181 43. Head of _Cervicapra chanleri_ 184 44. Head of Vaal Rhébok, ♂ 193 THE BOOK OF ANTELOPES. VOL. II. SUBFAMILY III. _NEOTRAGINÆ._ _General Characters._--Size small. Muzzle either naked or elongated and hairy. Large anteorbital glands present, opening on the face by a small circular hole. Tail medium or short. False hoofs present or absent. Skull with large anteorbital fossæ and, except in _Neotragus_, anteorbital vacuities. Frontal bones not projected backwards between the parietals, the horns placed above the hinder part of the orbits. Horns present only in the male; short, nearly or quite straight, vertical or reclining backwards; ridged basally, smooth terminally. _Range of Subfamily._ Africa. The numerous small Antelopes belonging to this subfamily were all included by Sir Victor Brooke in two genera, one consisting of the Dik-diks (_Madoqua_) and the other of all the rest (called by him “_Nanotragus_”). Bearing in mind, however, the naturalness of the smaller groups into which “_Nanotragus_” may be divided, and the readiness with which these groups may be recognized and defined, we think it better to allow six genera in all, the distinguishing points of which are shown in the following synopsis:-- A. Nose not specially elongated, its tip with a distinct naked muffle. Crown not tufted.