The classical term “_Oryx_” was first introduced into scientific literature by Pallas in his memoir on the genus _Antilope_ published in 1767. But here he grossly misapplied the term “_Oryx_” to the Eland, which he called _Antilope oryx_. In his second memoir on the same subject, however (1777), Pallas corrected this unfortunate error, and transferred _Oryx_ to the Gemsbok of the Cape, to which it was certainly much better applicable. In 1816 De Blainville, when subdividing the Antelopes, first adopted _Oryx_ as a generic term, and made the _Antilope oryx_ of Pallas (that is, _Oryx gazella_) its type. The generic name of the present species was thus settled, but before we can arrive at its proper specific name some further explanation is necessary. By modern authorities, almost without exception, the present Antelope has been called the “Leucoryx, _Oryx leucoryx_,” and it is well known by this name in the Museums and Zoological Gardens of Europe. But when we proceed to investigate the strict claims of the present animal to this title, a difficult question presents itself. The _Antilope leucoryx_ of Pallas in all probability, and certainly the _Antilope leucoryx_ of succeeding authors until about 1827, was not the present species, but, as will be clearly shown in our next article, the Beatrix. Buffon, in his ‘Histoire Naturelle,’ called the present species “_l’Algazel_,” and Pallas and his followers named it _Antelope gazella_. But the term “_gazella_,” as we shall presently show, had been previously appropriated by Linnæus to the allied Gemsbok of Southern Africa. The fact is that most of the early authors had no clear ideas as to the distinctive characters of the present animal, and habitually confounded it both with the Beatrix of Arabia and the Gemsbok of the Cape. The earliest travellers of modern days to meet with the Leucoryx in its native wilds and to transmit perfect specimens of it home to Europe were the well-known German naturalists Hemprich and Ehrenberg, who explored Nubia, Arabia, and the adjoining countries from 1820 to 1825. Unfortunately Lichtenstein, who first described and figured their specimens of this Antelope about the year 1827, chose to identify it with the _Antilope leucoryx_ of Pallas and to employ Pallas’s name for it. In the ‘Symbolæ Physicæ,’ in which Hemprich and Ehrenberg’s own account of their expedition was given to the world in 1828, Lichtenstein’s example of using _Antilope leucoryx_ as the scientific name of the present species was followed.