Apocryphal books (Old Testament); Enoch (Biblical figure); Ethiopic book of Enoch -- Criticism, interpretation, etc.
The _first parable_ (xxxviii.-xliv.) is a prophecy of coming judgement
upon the wicked, and especially the kings and mighty ones on the earth.
On the other hand, the Apocalyptist sees in his vision the abode and
resting-places of the righteous who are continually praising the “Lord
of Spirits”; this is the usual title given to God in this book. Here
occurs the first mention of the “Elect One” (cp. Luke xxiii. 35). In the
presence of the Lord of Spirits are also the four Archangels and
innumerable companies of other angels. Here he learns many secrets of
the heavens; a fragment on Wisdom (xlii.), which recalls some passages
in Ecclus. xxiv., comes in the middle of the secrets, and is clearly out
of place. The _second parable_ (xlv.-lvii.) continues the same theme and
further develops it. Of special importance is the sitting of the Elect
One on the throne of glory as Judge (xlv. 3), and the mention of His
title, “Son of Man” (xlvi. 2). The thought of the vindication of the
righteous is marred by their joy at vengeance upon the wicked. A
particularly striking passage is chapter xlviii. 1-7, which speaks of
the inexhaustible fountain of righteousness reserved for the holy and
elect in the presence of the Son of Man and of the Lord of Spirits. The
Apocalyptist prophesies further of the repentance of the Gentiles
(chapter l.), an universalistic note of significance, and speaks of the
Resurrection of the dead in a notable passage:
And in those days shall the earth also give back that which has been
entrusted to it,
And Sheol also shall give back that which it has received,
And Hell shall give back that which it owes.
The parable ends with an account of the Judgement, followed by two short
passages on the last struggle of the heathen powers against Israel (lvi.
5-8), and the return from the Dispersion (lvii.), which do not appear to
be in their original place. The _third parable_ (lviii.-lxxi.) has
clearly suffered largely from the intrusion of alien matter, and is
probably incomplete. Its main theme is the final Judgement upon all
flesh, and especially upon the great ones of the earth; the Judge is the
Son of Man. Some of the passages which speak of the future reward of the
righteous are full of beauty; the following is well worth quoting:
And the righteous and elect shall have risen from the earth,
And ceased to be of downcast countenance.
And they shall have been clothed with garments of glory,
And they shall be garments of life from the Lord of Spirits:
And your garments shall not grow old,
Nor your glory pass away before the Lord of Spirits.
A large Noah fragment comes in the middle of the Parable (see p. xxvi
below). The close of this Parable is contained in lxix. 26-29; the
account of Enoch’s final translation (lxx.), and two of Enoch’s visions
(lxxi.) are out of place.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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