[Illustration: IN THE SAURIAN AGE, WHEN THE WORLD’S INHABITANTS WERE GIGANTIC REPTILES] The Book of History A History of all Nations FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO THE PRESENT WITH OVER 8000 ILLUSTRATIONS WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY VISCOUNT BRYCE, P.C., D.C.L., LL.D., F.R.S. CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS W. M. Flinders Petrie, LL.D., F.R.S UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, LONDON Hans F. Helmolt, Ph.D. EDITOR, GERMAN “HISTORY OF THE WORLD” Stanley Lane-Poole, M.A., Litt.D. TRINITY COLLEGE, DUBLIN Robert Nisbet Bain ASSISTANT LIBRARIAN, BRITISH MUSEUM Hugo Winckler, Ph.D. UNIVERSITY OF BERLIN Archibald H. Sayce, D.Litt., LL.D. OXFORD UNIVERSITY Alfred Russel Wallace, LL.D., F.R.S. AUTHOR, “MAN’S PLACE IN THE UNIVERSE” Sir William Lee-Warner, K.C.S.I. MEMBER OF COUNCIL OF INDIA Holland Thompson, Ph.D. THE COLLEGE OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK W. Stewart Wallace, M.A. UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO Maurice Maeterlinck ESSAYIST, POET, PHILOSOPHER Dr. Emile J. Dillon UNIVERSITY OF ST. PETERSBURG Arthur Mee EDITOR, “THE BOOK OF KNOWLEDGE” Sir Harry H. Johnston, K.C.B., D.Sc. LATE COMMISSIONER FOR UGANDA Johannes Ranke UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH K. G. Brandis, Ph.D. UNIVERSITY OF JENA And many other Specialists Volume I MAN AND THE UNIVERSE The World before History The Great Steps in Man’s Development Birth of Civilisation and the Growth of Races Making of Nations and the Influence of Nature JAPAN The Country and the People NEW YORK THE GROLIER SOCIETY LONDON THE EDUCATIONAL BOOK CO. EDITORIAL AND CONTRIBUTING STAFF OF THE BOOK OF HISTORY Rt. Hon. Viscount Bryce, F.R.S. Formerly British Ambassador to the United States, Author of “The American Commonwealth” Professor E. Ray Lankester, F.R.S. President British Association, 1906-7; Past Director of South Kensington Museum of Natural History Dr. Alfred Russel Wallace, F.R.S.