_Musca corvina_, the raven-fly, is smaller than the house-fly; it has very distinct dark markings; the abdomen of the female is chequered, but that of the male has a black central stripe on a yellowish abdomen. It frequents gardens, parks, and meadows. It is much less prolific than the house-fly, with which it shares the sweat-fly pestering habit. _Cyrtoneura simplex_ is a little smaller and more common than the species last mentioned; its larvæ are bred in the dung of cows and other animals which it very severely pesters. However, many species of dung-bred flies do not in the least participate in the cattle-pestering habit. The _Anthomyidæ_ are a family of about 250 small and medium sized garden frequenting and country flies, mainly of flower and honey seeking habits. Nevertheless, some are dung-frequenting; none are blood-sucking, but several are cattle-pestering sweat-flies, which, even more pertinaciously than the house-fly, will circle round one's head and repeatedly buzz against one's face. Of these, the small _Hydrotœa irritans_ and _Hy. dentipes_ are amongst the worst offenders. A few of the _Anthomyidæ_ are vegetarian garden pests; the larvæ of the cabbage-fly, the root-fly, the onion-fly and the celery-fly are, in some seasons, very destructive. The so-called "turnip-fly" is a small striped beetle of the same genus, _Phillotreta_, as the unstriped "flea-beetle" of the hop-fields. The larvæ of the majority of the species of the family of _Anthomyidæ_ are, more or less, feeders on decadent vegetable matter, but some, like those of the genus _Fannia_, are preferentially feeders on dung. The female of the latrine fly, _Fannia scalaris_, so closely resembles the lesser house-fly that only the expert with a magnifying glass, after a careful examination, can tell which is which; the male differs from the male of the lesser house-fly by being without the yellowish patches on the abdomen. There is a larger and less common muscid fly, with an ashy-grey body, but with reddish legs, named by entomologists _Muscina stabulans_, which not only in body colour, but also in the pestering habit, resembles the house-fly; its Latin specific name is rather objectionable as too suggestive of the common "stable-fly," which name belongs to _Stomoxys calcitrans_ above-mentioned; its larvæ have been found in cow-dung, but they can also flourish on vegetarian fare. The common blue-bottle is now named _Calliphora erythrocephala_ (red-head), and it can be recognised by its reddish face and black hairs for a beard, whilst the less common blue-bottle, named _Calliphora vomitoria_, may be said to have a reddish beard upon a black face; the latter has the blue colour more evenly distributed over the abdomen, whereon the former has dark markings.