Viking ships, 45, 48, 51. Volcanoes on the sea-shore, 12. _Volunteer_, model of, 186, 195. Walking the plank, 172. Walruses on the ice, 80. Ward-room of a war-ship, 123. _Wasp_, in action with _Frolic_, 130. _Wasp_, model of the yacht, 195. Waves, oceanic, 8, 15, 24, 56, 57. Whale, sperm, head of, 240. Whaleback, a, 169. Whaleboats, 232, 236, 239, 240. Whalers, 232-240. Whistling buoy, 227. Wreck, 130, 149, 202, 229, 230. Yachts, models of, 195. Yachts, racing, 186, 188, 191, 193, 195. Yawl, a ship’s, 105, 223. Yawl-rig, the, 197. [Illustration: Lighthouse] [Illustration: Page heading decoration] GENERAL INDEX Africa, first circumnavigated, 41. “America,” origin of the name, 63. America, visited by Norsemen, 45, 48. America Cup, races for, 190-195. American Arctic exploration, 86, 89, 90. Atlantic, North, early voyages in, 44. Atlantic Ocean, defined, 5. Atlantis, the fabled land of, 6. _Alert_, Arctic expedition of, 96. Algæ. SEE SEAWEEDS. Algerian pirates, 173. Ancient sea-animals, 259. Andrée’s Arctic balloon, 100. ANIMAL LIFE IN THE SEA, 259-274. Animals inhabiting seaweeds, 251, 252, 257. Antarctic Ocean, defined, 7. Arabic commerce, 43. Arabs, as navigators, 52, 57. Arctic American coast traced, 81, 82, 83, 88. Arctic exploration, 77-100. Arctic Ocean, defined, 7. Armada, the Spanish, 114-117. Armor for ships, 136, 138, 145. Astrolabe, the, 53, 73. Australia, discovery of, 72, 76. Baffin, voyage to Baffin’s Bay, 79, 81. Balboa, discovers the Pacific, 64. Banks of Newfoundland, fishing on, 245. Barataria pirates of Louisiana, 179. Barbarossa, the brothers, 171. Barbary States, the, 174. Barentz and Barentz’s Sea, 78, 91. Barks described, 36, 38. Battle-ships, modern steel, 140-148. Bering, expeditions of, 80. Biremes, Greek and Roman, 108. Bjärne’s discoveries, 46. Boats of the Egyptians, 28, 30, 32. Boats of the Phœnicians, 28, 30, 33. Boats of early Scandinavians, 29, 30. Boats, primitive, 27. _Bon Homme Richard_ and _Serapis_, 128. Bowsprit sails, 34, 37. Brazil, discovery of, 62, 64. Brazil, the name, 66. Brigs described, 36. Buccaneers, career of the, 177. Buckeye, or “bugeye,” 198. Buoys and channel marks, 225. Cabot’s voyage to America, 65, 67. Canada discovered, 68. Cape Horn, first rounded, 72. Cape of Good Hope discovered, 54. _Captain_ capsized, 201. Caravels of Columbus, 34, 35, 61, 63. Carrageen or Irish moss, 255. Carthaginians as navigators, 42. Cartier discovers Canada, 68. Catboat described, 35. Center-board, explained, 189. _Challenger_ expedition, 10, 272. _Chancellor_, voyage of, to the White Sea, 77.