Charybdis, whirlpool of, 19. _Chesapeake_ and _Shannon_, 129. Chinese as navigators, 52. Clippers, Baltimore, 183. Colossus of Rhodes, 211. Columbus, Christopher, 59. Commerce at sea, history of, 155-170. Commerce, early European, 52, 155. Commerce, medieval, 156. Commerce, modern, 159. Compass, the mariner’s, 51. _Constitution_, U. S. frigate, 130-133. _Constitution_, in the war with Tripoli,174. Cook, Captain James, voyage of, 75. Copenhagen, battle of, 126. Corals and coral polyps, 265. Corsairs, the, 172. Corte-Real, voyage of, 68. Crabs, caught for market, 266. Cruisers, service of, 121, 140. Currents in the ocean. SEE OCEAN CURRENTS. Cutter, rig of a, 35. Dampier, voyages of, 73. DANGERS OF THE DEEP, 200-230. Davis, exploration of Davis’s Strait, 78. Decatur’s exploit at Tripoli, 175. Deep-sea conditions of life, 263. De Long, death of Lieutenant, 95. Dias, Bartholomew, voyage of, 53. Diatoms described, 249, 257. Distribution of animals in the sea, 261. “Don’t give up the ship,” 129. Drake, Francis, 114, 181. Dredging, deep-sea, 260. Dynamite-throwing, 154. Earthquake-waves, 203. East India Companies, 157, 159. “East Indiaman,” an, 162. East Indian pirates, 180. East Indies, the, 69, 71, 74. Eddystone lighthouse, 212. Egypt’s grain-trade, 156. “England expects every man will do his duty,” 126, 127. England’s sea-wars, 114, 129, 157. Erik the Red, 45. Faroes discovered, 44. FISHING AND OTHER MARINE INDUSTRIES, 231-248. Fishing in the North Atlantic, 244. Fin keels, 194, 195. Fire-ships, 116. Fog-horns and sirens, 219. _Fram_, voyage of the, 99. Francis Joseph Land, 93, 100. Franklin, Sir John, 82, 83, 88. French-American naval war, 126. Frigates, service of, 121, 122, 130. Frobisher, Martin, 77, 114. Fundy, tides in the Bay of, 19. Galiot, the, 112. Galleass, the, 112. Galleon, the, 112, 116, 173, 182. Galleys, early types of, 107, 111, 112. Gallivat, the, 112. Geography, early knowledge of, 50. _Great Harry_, the, 114. Greely, Gen. A. W., Arctic work by, 96. Greenland discovered, 45. Greenland, coasts explored, 91, 96, 99. _Guerrière_, story of the, 131. Gulf Stream, the, 22, 23. Gulfweed (Sargassum), 251, 252. Gunnbjörn, 45. Guns of war-ships, 145-148. Hall, Charles, Arctic exploration by, 90. Hand-line fishing, 245, 246. Hanno, expedition of, 42. Harbor-beacons, 225. Harbor-defense vessels, 140. Hawkins, John, 114, 181. Henry, the navigator, 52, 53. Hittites, the, as navigators, 40. Holland, as a sea-power, 118, 122. Howard, Admiral, 114, 115. Hudson, discoveries by, 78. Iceland discovered, 44.