Señora Carmen Romero Rubio de Diaz, wife of President Porfirio Diaz of Mexico 442 (From a photograph by Valleto & Co., Mexico) Jade jar inlaid with pearls set with fine gold. Japanese decoration set with pearls 444 Gaikwar of Baroda, 1908 450 Mary, Queen of Scots 453 (From “Portraits and Jewels of Mary Stuart,” published by James MacLehose and Sons, Glasgow) Queen Elizabeth of England. Elizabeth of France 456 Pearl carpet or shawl of the Gaikwar of Baroda 460 The Hope pearl. Weighs 1800 grains 463 Her Grace, the Duchess of Marlborough 465 (From a photograph by Lafayette, Ltd., London) The Madame Nordica collection of colored pearls 468 Grand pearl diadem of the French crown jewels 471 The Imperial Austrian crown 472 The Great Sévigné of the French crown jewels 474 Madame Nordica 476 Mrs. George J. Gould 480 Fresh-water pearls from Hopewell group of mounds, Ross County, Ohio 499 Fresh-water pearls from Hopewell group of mounds, Ross County, Ohio 510 MAPS PAGE The pearling regions in Ceylon and British India 129 Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, the pearling center of the world 140 The pearling regions in Oceania and Malaysia 191 Venezuela and Panama, the principal pearling regions of South America 227 Gulf of California and the pearling territory of western Mexico 243 INTRODUCTION