Edmonton in 1846, 60; in 1905, 151, 196. Empires, British and United States, 156. Eskimo, 10, 47; massacred by Indians, 48. Exploration, Spanish and British, 25; Norse, 26; French, 26; Cartier, Champlain, 26; La Salle, 27; Frobisher, Hudson, 28; Radisson and Groseillers, 30; Vérendrye, 41; Kellsey, Hendry, 44; Hearne, 46; Mackenzie, 49; Thompson, 50; Fraser, 51; Lewis and Clark, 51; Franklin, 64; McClure, 65; Drake, Cook, 69; Palliser, Hector, 84; Amundsen, 66; Stefansson, 188. Fisheries, 161, 187. Fleming, Sir Sandford, 159. Forest, 15, 161; fires, 161; air patrol, 166. Fort Carlton, 61. Fort Chipewyan, 49. Fort de la Corne, 45. Fort Cumberland, 48. Fort Pitt, 62. Fort Rouge, 42. Fort Vancouver, 72. Fossils: giant lizards, 5; trilobites, 7; mammoth, 8; horses, 19. Fraser River, 49, 51. Freighting, 141. French Cession of Canada to British, 27. Fur trade, 26; French monopoly, 32; buffalo skins, 35; beaver in fashion, 37; scene at trading post, 39; “Free Traders,” 41; the traders’ life, 56; sea otter, 73, 151; fur farming, 192; statistics, 193. Gardens, 147, 197. Gas, natural, 170. Great Slave Lake, discovery, 48. Hudson’s Bay, 28; Company formed, 33; its powers, 37; French raids and competition, 40, 49; traders sent up country, 44; Scottish-Canadian rivals, 45; North West Company formed, 49; Companies at war, 52; the rivals unite, 56; Company’s rule extended to Pacific, 56; Simpson’s journeys, 59; Company and Indians, 85, 91; Territory enters Dominion, 88; Company continues, 151, 188. Hudson Straits navigation, 57. Indians, origin of, 9; southward migration, 11; industry and art, 11, 12, 21, 74; baking and gardening, 12; Mexican and Peruvian civilization, 12, 13; the Six Nations, 13; lacrosse, 13; Algonquins, 14; mound builders, 16; a night raid, 16; travoys, 20; agriculture, 16, 21; story telling, 22; dancing, 64, 74; racing and betting, 63, 73; slavery, 73; Flat-heads, 74; kindness and barbarity, 85. Indian tribal fighting, 21, 23, 85; Sioux and Cree, 31; Saulteaux and Sioux, 61; Blackfoot and Cree, 63, 87. Indian treaties, 93; refugees from United States, 95; Sitting Bull, 96. Indians and Métis, 99; Indians farming, 139. Kane, Paul: artist’s journey in 1846, 60. King and president, 136. Lake and river route to West, 59. Liquor and Indians, 55. Mackenzie River, 49, 189, 190. Manufactures, 167, 168. Métis, the, 49; revolts, 89, 98; a hospitable family, 133. Migrations of men, 2, 9, 24, 148. Minerals: coal, 7, 81, 167; copper, 21, 46; gold, etc., in B.C., 75, 161, 165; potters’ clay, 171. Missionaries: Evans prints in Cree, 86; peacemaker Lacombe, 87. Mississippi, 27; discovery, 31. Mountains, birth of, 7; first sight of Rockies, 43; an Alpine paradise, 165. Mounted Police and frontier crime, 91; force organized, 92; Col. MacLeod’s reign of law, 93; in the Arctic, 189.