The Book of the West: The story of western Canada, its birth and early adventures, its youthful combats, its peaceful settlement, its great transformation, and its present waysKennedy, Howard Angus
History
The Book of the West: The story of western Canada, its birth and early adventures, its youthful combats, its peaceful settlement, its great transformation, and its present ways
Kennedy, Howard Angus
Northwest, Canadian
For many years the Company had no idea of the size of its domain, and
made no attempt to occupy even the best-known districts of the interior.
The Indians from hundreds of miles up country brought their annual catch
of furs to the Company’s posts on the Bay.
The scene when one of these yearly parties appeared was picturesque, but
not altogether pleasant. Pitching their camp outside the palisade of the
fort, the red men celebrated their arrival by drinking as much of the
white men’s spirits as they could get. Although the liquor, for economy
and for safety, was plentifully mixed with water, trading was out of the
question for two or three days.
When the Indians were ready for business they were admitted to the fort
with their bundles of furs. Each skin was carefully examined, and the
price decided on was paid in the form of little notched sticks or
quills. With these counters each red man passed on into another room,
where axes, guns, blankets, mirrors, beads, trinkets, and all the other
useful or useless objects of an Indian’s desire were spread before him.
Everything was priced in beaver-skins, not in shillings or dollars. A
price list dated 1733 shows that one beaver would then buy a brass
kettle or twelve ounces of colored beads, a pound and a half of
gunpowder or two pounds of sugar, two combs or twelve needles, a pair of
shoes or two looking glasses, eight knives or two hatchets. If the
Indian asked the price of a blanket, he was told “Six Beaver.” He could
get a gallon of brandy, at that time, for four beaver. He paid ten or
twelve beaver for a gun, four for a pistol, three for a pair of breeches
or two handkerchiefs.
These were the prices at the southern forts, Albany and Moose River,
under competition. The Company charged higher prices in the north, as
they frankly said—“The French being not so near these places, and
therefore can’t interfere with the Company’s trade so much as they do at
Albany and Moose River, where they undersell the Company, and by that
means carry off the most valuable furs.”
When the last skin had been turned into the store, and the last counter
had been exchanged for British goods, the tribesmen vanished away into
the wilderness, and the piles of furs were sorted and packed for the
ocean voyage. Every summer a single London ship sailed into the Bay,
discharged her cargo of provisions for the white men and merchandise for
the red, filled her hold with the precious “peltries,” and sped away
home before the early winter barred the straits with ice.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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