General, interference with, ill-advised, 10; ability of, one of seven important matters, 18; skilful, is steadfast in "Way" and "Law," 30; as "God of War" changes tactics, 39; must know the Nine Changes, 45; five faults dangerous for, 46; what implied by exceeding graciousness of, 52; blustering and obsequious, 52; strange to troops, 52; weak and amiable, 55; calamities due to defects in, 55; unable to estimate enemy, 56; anxious for people's welfare, 56; must be calm, inscrutable, just, and prudent, 63; conceals plans, 63; must have topographical knowledge and use guides, 65; bestows rewards discreetly, 66; is not actuated by anger, 69; should be in accord with soldiers, 93; must not procrastinate, 97; Wutzu on qualities of, 101-107; five matters important for, 101; of the enemy to be appraised, 104; action in accordance with judgment of enemy's, 105; how to judge enemy's, 106-107 Gongs, use of, in war, 108 Government of a country, 77-84; object of, 79; good, foundation of victory, 95 Ground, influence of, in war, 12; marshy, to be avoided for camp, 44; action in mountainous and wooded, 45; disposal of troops on high, marshy, flat, sunny, steep, boggy, and tangled, 47-49; object of enemy encamped on open, 49; Suntzu on, 53-67; open, 53-54; broken, 54; suspended, 54; defiles in, 54; precipitous, 54; the handmaid of victory, 56; results from good use of, 63; one of four important influences in war, 102, 103; inundation of enemy on marshy, 106 Grounds, the Nine, 58-67; action with regard to, 64; knowledge of, necessary to general, 65 Guests, entertainment of, costly in war, 21 Guides, employment of, necessary, 42, 65 H Halberd, one of the five arms, 88, _note_ Halberds, great length of, 75-76 Harness, must be strong in all details, 100 Health of troops, consideration for, 48 Heat, attack on enemy who has endured, 89 Heaven, one of five indispensable matters in war, 17, 18 Heaven, the Ninth, 29, _note_ Highways, when not to interrupt, 59 Horses, killed for food, 51; care for, 94; treatment of, 99-100 Hsia, 73 Hsihe, defence of, 77 Huangti, cause of victory by, 48 Humane treatment ensures obedience, 53 Hunger, how shown, by use of weapons, 51; how to meet, in case of enemy, 97 I Ichih, 73 Ignorance, three ways of, embarrassing to armies, 26; of enemy causes defeat, 27 Impartiality, Wutzu on, 116 Impetuosity, blind, dangerous fault in general, 46 Indispensable matters, five, Suntzu on, 17 Indulgence, ill effects of, 57 Influences, four important, in war, 102 Initiative, disadvantage of, on suspended ground, 54 Inner spies, 71 Internal disorder, a cause of war, 80 Intersecting ground, 58; action on, 64 Inundation of enemy, on marshy ground, 106 Invincible, how ancient masters made armies, 28