The Bookbinder in Eighteenth-Century Williamsburg: An Account of His Life & Times, & of His Craft — John Shaqi
The Bookbinder in Eighteenth-Century Williamsburg: An Account of His Life & Times, & of His CraftFord, Thomas K.
History
The Bookbinder in Eighteenth-Century Williamsburg: An Account of His Life & Times, & of His Craft
Ford, Thomas K.
Bookbinding -- Virginia -- Williamsburg
Not a few of the books sold by William Hunter and presumed to have been
made up by him or John Stretch brought a price of a pound or more. This
was, as we have seen, a good deal more than Stretch earned in a week.
The most imposing price charged to any of Hunter’s customers was the 3
pounds 10 shillings John Hall paid for “a large Record Book Imperial.”
All eighteenth-century paper was manufactured by hand, and sheets of
various sizes and kinds bore such designations as pot, foolscap, pro
patria, crown, demy, royal, super royal, imperial, atlas, and elephant.
These names referred to supposedly standard sizes, but actual dimensions
were neither precise nor unchanging. In seventeenth-century England a
sheet of “demy” measured about 10 by 15½ inches. The English paper of
the same name today is 17½ by 22½ inches.
This increase in dimensions of paper took place gradually, and as the
size of sheets grew the size of pages could also grow. A result was that
folio books became too large to be handy while quarto and octavo
formats, which were more economical to print, gained popularity among
both printers and book buyers.
[Illustration: _This engraving from the French eighteenth-century
encyclopedia of Denis Diderot shows the interior of a bookbindery of
the time, and some of the equipment used. The operations under way
in the shop are (a) “smashing” folded signatures flat on a stone
anvil; (b) sewing signatures together on the stitching frame; (c)
trimming the edges of a book before the covers are put on; and (d)
squeezing a stack of finished books in a standing press._]
_BINDING TO THE CUSTOMER’S ORDER_
Some idea of the volume of binding done in Hunter’s establishment during
the two years covered by his daybook may be gathered from the partial
figures for supplies charged to binding. These included £56 17s. 6d. for
paper and £250 13s. 9½d. for other binding materials, chiefly calf and
sheepskins, gold leaf, and pasteboard. In physical quantity the totals
are again incomplete but indicative: at least 140 dozen skins and more
than a ton of pasteboard.
These materials, of course, went to the binding of printed as well as
blank books. As their daybooks show, the binding of books to order was a
steady source of income for both Hunter and Royle—and doubtless for
Royle’s successors as it had been for Hunter’s predecessor. Custom work
included the rebinding of worn books, the lettering and application of
title panels, and perhaps some binding of books the printer bought in
flat sheets, already printed, from London or from another colonial
printer.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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