The dislocation of the narrative mentioned in the last note has concealed the occasion of Hiram’s embassy. The narrative of 2 Samuel v. 9‒11 suggests that Hiram heard of the building works which David was carrying on at Jerusalem and so sent materials and workmen to assist. David accepted the welcome offer (which ultimately led to an alliance) as a sign of Divine favour. ¹And Hiram king of Tyre sent messengers to David, and cedar trees, and masons, and carpenters, to build him an house. ²And David perceived that the LORD had established him king over Israel, for his kingdom was exalted on high, for his people Israel’s sake. =1.= _Hiram_] Other forms of this name are _Huram_ and (1 Kings v. 10, 18) _Hirom_. =3‒7= (= iii. 5‒8 and 2 Samuel v. 13‒16). DAVID’S FAMILY IN JERUSALEM. ³And David took more wives at Jerusalem: and David begat more sons and daughters. =3.= _more wives_] In 2 Samuel v. 13 _more concubines and wives_. The Chronicler omits or modifies statements which tend to David’s discredit. ⁴And these are the names of the children which he had in Jerusalem; Shammua, and Shobab, Nathan, and Solomon; ⁵and Ibhar, and Elishua, and Elpelet; ⁶and Nogah, and Nepheg, and Japhia; ⁷and Elishama, and Beeliada, and Eliphelet. =4.= _these are the names_] The names seem better preserved here than in either of the parallel passages; compare notes on iii. 5‒8. _Shammua ... Solomon_] All these four are attributed to Bath-shua (= Bath-sheba) in iii. 5. =8‒17= (= 2 Samuel v. 17‒25). THE DOUBLE REPULSE OF THE PHILISTINES. ⁸And when the Philistines heard that David was anointed king over all Israel, all the Philistines went up to seek David: and David heard of it, and went out against¹ them. ¹ Or, _before_. =8.= _over all Israel_] in 2 Samuel v. 17, _over Israel_. In both passages the reference is to the later anointing by the whole people (2 Samuel v. 3). _all the Philistines_] David, as king of Judah, was of little or no political importance to the Philistines; as king of united Israel, he became a possible menace, and was accordingly attacked without delay. _went up_] i.e. from their own low-lying territory by the sea into the hill-country of Judah. _went out against them_] margin =went out before them=, i.e. anticipated them, did not wait for them to attack him. In 2 Samuel v. 17 _went down to the hold_, an expression which might refer to some part of the difficult hill-country of Judah in which he had long defied Saul, or may mean the “hold” of Jerusalem, which David had seized from the Jebusites (see note on xi. 5). ⁹Now the Philistines had come and made a raid in the valley of Rephaim. =9.= _the valley of Rephaim_] probably the shallow valley, now called Beḳā‘a, across which runs the road from Jerusalem to Beth-lehem (Bädeker, _Palestine_⁵, pp. 15, 99).