_the Amorite_] compare Numbers xiii. 29, xxi. 21; Judges i. 35. The name (probably a racial one) was frequently used of the pre-Israelitish inhabitants of Canaan (“Canaanites” being the geographical description). In a more restricted sense it was used to denote the people of Sihon, east of the Jordan. ¹⁵and the Hivite, and the Arkite, and the Sinite; ¹⁶and the Arvadite, and the Zemarite, and the Hamathite. =15.= _the Hivite_] In Joshua xi. 3, the Hivites are placed in the extreme north of the land, “the Hivite under Hermon,” but the word may be an error for Hittite (see above verse 13). In Joshua ix. 7 and Genesis xxxiv. 2 they are located at Gibeon and Shechem. The _Arkite_ and _Sinite_ lived in Lebanon, the _Arvadite_ (compare Ezekiel xxvii. 8) on the sea-coast north of Gebal (Byblus), the _Zemarite_ a little to the south of the Arvadite, and the _Hamathite_ furthest to the north on the Orontes. =17= (= Genesis x. 22, 23). THE SONS OF SHEM. ¹⁷The sons of Shem; Elam, and Asshur, and Arpachshad, and Lud, and Aram, and Uz, and Hul, and Gether, and Meshech¹. ¹ In Genesis x. 23, _Mash_. =17.= _The sons of Shem_] These occupied the middle geographical “zone.” _Elam_] is the name of a land and nation north of the Persian Gulf and east of Babylonia, and is often referred to in the Old Testament. Though settled by Semites at a very early date, it was subsequently, _circa_ 2280 B.C., possessed by a non-Semitic race, who even extended their power over Babylonia itself. The inclusion of Elam among the Semites is doubtless due to its proximity to Asshur, and, though not strictly correct, is very natural. _Asshur_] The Assyrians, who are so frequently referred to in the Old Testament, were mainly, if not entirely Semitic: a martial and ruthless people whose conquests in the 14th‒7th centuries have made them world-famous. _Arpachshad_] a somewhat obscure name. In the last part (_chshad_) the same consonants occur as in the name “Chasdim,” the “Chaldees” of the Old Testament. _Possibly_ two names have been run together, the second being that of the Chaldees or Chaldeans, a Semitic race who from _circa_ 900 B.C. dominated Babylonia, assimilating with the earlier Semitic inhabitants. This conjecture has some support in the surprising fact that the Chaldeans are not otherwise mentioned in the table; it is opposed by the fact that _Arpachshad_ occurs elsewhere, verse 24; Genesis x. 24, xi. 10 ff. _Lud_] the name suggests the Lydians, but how this non-Semitic people situated on the west coast of Asia Minor comes to be included with Asshur and Aram as a son of Shem is a mystery. Possibly therefore a Semitic region, called _Lubdu_, between Tigris and Euphrates is meant.