=28‒31= (= Genesis xxv. 12‒16). THE DESCENT OF THE ISHMAELITE TRIBES FROM ABRAHAM ²⁸The sons of Abraham; Isaac, and Ishmael. ²⁹These are their generations: the firstborn of Ishmael, Nebaioth; then Kedar, and Adbeel, and Mibsam, =29.= _Nebaioth_] Compare Isaiah lx. 7. _Kedar_] Isaiah xxi. 13‒17. ³⁰Mishma, and Dumah, Massa; Hadad, and Tema, =30.= _Dumah_] Isaiah xxi. 11. _Massa_] Proverbs xxxi. 1 (Revised Version margin). _Hadad_] The name begins with the Hebrew letter _Ḥēth_ and therefore differs from the Hadad of verse 46 and of verse 50 and of 2 Chronicles xvi. 2 in which the first letter is _Hē_, a softer guttural than _Ḥeth_. _Tema_] Isaiah xxi. 14. ³¹Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah. These are the sons of Ishmael. =31.= _Jetur, Naphish_] compare v. 18‒22. =32, 33= (= Genesis xxv. 1‒4). THE DESCENT OF ARABIAN TRIBES FROM ABRAHAM THROUGH KETURAH ³²And the sons of Keturah, Abraham’s concubine: she bare Zimran, and Jokshan, and Medan, and Midian, and Ishbak, and Shuah. And the sons of Jokshan; Sheba, and Dedan. =32.= _Keturah_] called a _wife_ of Abraham in Genesis xxv. 1. The Chronicler by calling her a concubine may imply that he considered that the tribes descended from her were not so closely akin to Israel as the Ishmaelites, or possibly he held that Sarah ought to be the only wife of Abraham, and “corrects” his source accordingly. _Medan_, _Midian_] Kindred tribes often bore names only slightly differing in form. _Midian_] In Judges viii. 14 the Midianites are reckoned as Ishmaelites. _Sheba, and Dedan_] Sheba and Dedan in verse 9 (which belongs to the same source P) are included among the Hamitic peoples. Doubtless the names in the present passage, which comes from J, refer to the same tribes; but J follows a different tradition as to their origin. Possibly there is truth in both views, and the people of Sheba were of mixed African and Arabian descent. ³³And the sons of Midian; Ephah, and Epher, and Hanoch, and Abida, and Eldaah. All these were the sons of Keturah. =33.= _Ephah_] Isaiah lx. 6. _Hanoch_] as Genesis xxv. 4. Compare verse 3. =34‒37= (compare Genesis xxxvi. 10‒14). THE DESCENT OF THE TRIBES OF EDOM FROM ABRAHAM. ³⁴And Abraham begat Isaac. The sons of Isaac; Esau, and Israel. ³⁵The sons of Esau; Eliphaz, Reuel, and Jeush, and Jalam, and Korah. =34.= _Esau_] “Esau is Edom,” Genesis xxxvi. 1, 8. ³⁶The sons of Eliphaz; Teman, and Omar, Zephi¹, and Gatam, Kenaz, and Timna, and Amalek. ³⁷The sons of Reuel; Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah. ¹ In Genesis xxxvi. 11, _Zepho_. =36.= _Teman_] Amos i. 11, 12; Habakkuk iii. 13. The word means _South_, and is applied in the first passage to Edom itself, in the second to the wilderness of Edom, both being south of Canaan.