_Kenaz_] Other references (Judges i. 13, iii. 9, 11) show a close connection with Caleb, which in turn implies that the Calebites were closely related to the Edomites (compare iv. 13). _Amalek_] the eponymous ancestor of the Amalekites who lived in the south and south-east of Palestine, see iv. 42 f. =38‒42= (compare Genesis xxxvi. 20‒28). THE GENEALOGY OF THE HORITE INHABITANTS OF SEIR. ³⁸And the sons of Seir; Lotan and Shobal and Zibeon and Anah, and Dishon and Ezer and Dishan. ³⁹And the sons of Lotan; Hori and Homam¹: and Timna was Lotan’s sister. ¹ In Genesis xxxvi. 22, _Hemam_. =38.= _The sons of Seir_] Chronicles omits the further description given in Genesis “the Horite, the inhabitants of the land,” words which show clearly that these “sons of Seir” were not descendants of Esau, but aboriginal inhabitants of the land. _Lotan_] perhaps to be connected with Lot, a name anciently associated with the land or people dwelling east of the Jordan (compare Genesis xix. 30). ⁴⁰The sons of Shobal; Alian¹ and Manahath and Ebal, Shephi² and Onam. And the sons of Zibeon; Aiah and Anah. ⁴¹The sons of Anah; Dishon. And the sons of Dishon; Hamran³ and Eshban and Ithran and Cheran. ⁴²The sons of Ezer; Bilhan and Zaavan, Jaakan⁴. The sons of Dishan; Uz and Aran. ¹ In Genesis xxxvi. 23, _Alvan_. ² In Genesis xxxvi. 23, _Shepho_. ³ In Genesis xxxvi. 26, _Hemdan_. ⁴ In Genesis xxxvi. 27, _and Akan_. =40.= _Aiah and Anah_] See Genesis xxxvi. 24. =43‒51a= (compare Genesis xxxvi. 31‒39). THE EARLY KINGS OF EDOM. ⁴³Now these are the kings that reigned in the land of Edom, before there reigned any king over the children of Israel: Bela the son of Beor; and the name of his city was Dinhabah. ⁴⁴And Bela died, and Jobab the son of Zerah of Bozrah reigned in his stead. ⁴⁵And Jobab died, and Husham of the land of the Temanites reigned in his stead. =43.= _kings_] Note that the kings are of different families and localities. They may be compared with the “judges” of early Israel. _in the land of Edom_] In early times the mountainous region of Seir, extending from the south-east of the Dead Sea to the Gulf of Akaba, but the precise territory of the Edomites is uncertain and of course must have varied from time to time. In the post-exilic period Edomites (Idumeans) pressed up into the south of Judah (compare ii. 42), and Edom (Idumea) continued to play an important and often sinister part in the history of Israel till long after the Chronicler’s lifetime. See (e.g.) 1 Maccabees v. 65; 2 Maccabees x. 14‒17. The Herods were of Edomite descent. _before ... Israel_] i.e. before Saul; or possibly “before David,” if the phrase means before the reign of the first Israelitish king over Edom. For the use made of this statement in the discussion of the date of the Hexateuch, see Chapman, _Introduction to the Pentateuch_, p. 40, in this series.