The Bounty of the Chesapeake: Fishing in Colonial VirginiaWharton, James
History
The Bounty of the Chesapeake: Fishing in Colonial Virginia
Wharton, James
Chesapeake Bay (Md. and Va.); Fisheries -- Virginia; Fishing -- Virginia
Some principal gentlemen of the Colony, having by voluntary
subscription agreed to fit out vessels to be employed in the whale
fishery on our coast, a small sloop called the _Experiment_ was
some time ago sent on a cruise, and we have the pleasure to
acquaint the public that she is now returned with a valuable whale.
Though she is the first vessel sent from Virginia in this employ,
yet her success, we hope, will give encouragement to the further
prosecution of the design which, we doubt not, will tend very much
to the advantage of the Colony as well as excite us to other
profitable undertakings hitherto too much neglected.
Commented John Blair in his _Diary_ on the incident: "Heard our first
whale brought in and three more struck but lost." The _Experiment_
continued its whaling career successfully for three years. When it
retired, no similar enterprise replaced it. Yet in a list of exports
from Virginia for the year ending September 30, 1791, 1263 gallons of
whale oil appears. Even today whales are occasionally represented in
Virginia fishery products, as when one is washed up on a beach and
removed by the Coast Guard to a processing plant to be turned into meal
and oil.
The overall value of Virginia's fisheries as an industrial resource was
glacially slow in reaching public consciousness. Here and there, like
dim lights along an uncertain voyage, bits of legislation or isolated
conservation procedures appeared. In due course it became evident that
natural fishways--to choose one example--were being obstructed to the
disadvantage of both the fish and navigation. Hening records the law
enacted to keep the rivers open:
1745. And whereas the making and raising of mill dams, and
stone-stops, or hedges for catching of fish, is a great obstruction
to the navigation of the said rivers [James and Appomattox]: Be it
further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That all mill dams,
stone-stops, and hedges, already made across either of the said
rivers, where they are navigable, shall be thrown down and
destroyed by the person or persons who made the same....
Like most hastily framed and passed laws this one proved unsatisfactory
and a second one, with more detailed provisions was passed. Hening
records it:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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