Produced by Neville Allen, Chris Curnow and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive) THE BOY'S PLAYBOOK OF SCIENCE: INCLUDING THE Various Manipulations and Arrangements OF CHEMICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL APPARATUS REQUIRED FOR THE SUCCESSFUL PERFORMANCE OF SCIENTIFIC EXPERIMENTS. IN ILLUSTRATION OF THE ELEMENTARY BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY AND NATURAL PHILOSOPHY. BY JOHN HENRY PEPPER, F.C.S., A. INST. C.E.; LATE PROFESSOR OF CHEMISTRY AT THE ROYAL POLYTECHNIC, ETC. ETC. AUTHOR OF "THE PLAYBOOK OF METALS." _NEW EDITION._ Illustrated with 470 Engravings, CHIEFLY EXECUTED FROM THE AUTHOR'S SKETCHES, BY H. G. HINE. LONDON: GEORGE ROUTLEDGE AND SONS, THE BROADWAY, LUDGATE. NEW YORK: 416, BROOME STREET. 1869. LONDON. SAVILL, EDWARDS AND CO., PRINTERS, CHANDOS STREET. COVENT GARDEN. [Illustration: Wheatstone's telephonic concert at the Polytechnic, in which the sounds and vibrations pass _inaudible_ through an intermediate hall, and are reproduced in the lecture-room unchanged in their qualities and intensities. _Frontispiece._] TO PROFESSOR LYON PLAYFAIR, C.B., F.R.S. PROFESSOR OF CHEMISTRY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH. DEAR SIR, I dedicate these pages to your Children, whom I often had the pleasure of seeing at the Polytechnic during my direction of that Institution. I do so as a mark of respect and appreciation of your talent and zeal, and of your public-spirited advocacy of the Claims of Science in this great and commercial country. Without making you responsible in any way for the shortcomings of this humble work on Elementary Science, allow me to subscribe myself, Dear Sir, Yours most respectfully, JOHN HENRY PEPPER. CONTENTS. PAGE INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER I. THE PROPERTIES OF MATTER--IMPENETRABILITY 3 CHAPTER II. CENTRIFUGAL FORCE 17 CHAPTER III. THE SCIENCE OF ASTRONOMY 19 CHAPTER IV. CENTRE OF GRAVITY 32 CHAPTER V. SPECIFIC GRAVITY 48 CHAPTER VI. ATTRACTION OF COHESION 59 CHAPTER VII. ADHESIVE ATTRACTION 67 CHAPTER VIII. CAPILLARY ATTRACTION 69 CHAPTER IX. CRYSTALLIZATION 73 CHAPTER X. CHEMISTRY 81 CHAPTER XI. CHLORINE, IODINE, BROMINE, FLUORINE 129 CHAPTER XII. CARBON, BORON, SILICON, SELENIUM, SULPHUR, PHOSPHORUS 151 CHAPTER XIII. FRICTIONAL ELECTRICITY 173