The publishers have kindly allowed the use of illustrations from their previous publications on South America, in addition to those specially prepared for this work, or obtained from Mr. Squier's "Peru." As a consequence of their courtesy the author has been able to present a "copiously illustrated" book, which is always a delight to the youthful eye. T. W. K. NEW YORK, _July_, 1885. CONTENTS CHAPTER I. PAGE FROM NEW YORK TO THE ISTHMUS OF PANAMA.--INCIDENTS OF THE VOYAGE.--OLD TIMES AND THE PRESENT.--ASPINWALL.--A TROPICAL CITY.--THE TEREDO.--ENTRANCE OF THE PANAMA CANAL. 13 CHAPTER II. FIRST DAY ON THE ISTHMUS.--THE PANAMA CANAL.--HISTORY OF THE CANAL ENTERPRISE.--PLANS OF BALBOA AND OTHERS.--THE VARIOUS ROUTES PROPOSED.--STRAIN'S SURVEY OF DARIEN.--VISITING THE WORKS AT PANAMA. 27 CHAPTER III. OVER THE ISTHMUS.--A PROFITABLE RAILWAY.--ISTHMUS FEVER.-- TROPICAL TREES, FLOWERS, AND ANIMALS.--SIGHTS IN PANAMA.--THE CATHEDRAL.--A STROLL ON THE BEACH.--THE PARADISE OF CONCHOLOGISTS. 43 CHAPTER IV. "THE PLACE OF FISH."--AN EXCURSION TO OLD PANAMA.--VISITING A HERMIT.--DRINKING CHICHI.--RUINS OF THE CITY.--MORGAN THE BUCCANEER.--HIS HISTORY AND EXPLOITS.--HOW HE CAPTURED PANAMA. 65 CHAPTER V. FROM PANAMA TO GUAYAQUIL.--VASCO NUNEZ DE BALBOA.--HIS ADVENTURES AND DEATH.--SCENES IN GUAYAQUIL.--FIRST EXPERIENCE WITH SOUTH AMERICAN EARTHQUAKES. 85 CHAPTER VI. THE PARADISE OF EARTHQUAKES.--FROM GUAYAQUIL TO QUITO.--A RIDE OVER THE MOUNTAINS.--ALL CLIMATES UNITED IN ONE.--THE PLAINS OF ECUADOR.--CHIMBORAZO AND COTOPAXI. 105 CHAPTER VII. DESCRIPTION OF QUITO.--VISIT TO THE VOLCANO OF PICHINCHA.--THE DEEPEST CRATER IN THE WORLD.--ROUTE OVER THE ANDES TO THE AMAZON.--RETURN TO THE COAST. 122 CHAPTER VIII. FROM GUAYAQUIL TO CALLAO.--LANDING AT PAITA.--THE SITE OF OLD CALLAO.--ARRIVAL AT LIMA.--SIGHTS OF THE PERUVIAN CAPITAL.-- GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE CITY AND ITS INHABITANTS. 141 CHAPTER IX. EQUESTRIANS AND THEIR COSTUMES.--LADIES OF LIMA.--EXCURSIONS AMONG RUINS.--PACHACAMAC, A HOLY CITY.--THE ANCIENT PERUVIANS.-- ORIGIN OF THE INCA GOVERNMENT. 160 CHAPTER X. RAILWAYS OVER THE ANDES.--FROM LIMA TO MOLLENDO, AREQUIPA, AND LAKE TITICACA.--THE CHINCHA ISLANDS AND THE SODA DESERTS.--UP THE ANDES BY STEAM.--IN A RAILWAY CARRIAGE FOURTEEN THOUSAND FEET ABOVE THE SEA. 177 CHAPTER XI. PUNO AND LAKE TITICACA.--COCA AND ITS PROPERTIES.--THE LLAMA AND HIS KINDRED.--EXCURSION TO THE SACRED ISLAND OF THE INCAS. 193 CHAPTER XII.