_Breeding season._--Forty-eight records of breeding span the period April 11 to June 10; the modal date for egg-laying is May 10 (Fig. 5). This sample is drawn from central and eastern Kansas, but includes records of breeding by some birds identified in the field as _C. cafer_. _Number of eggs._--Clutch-size is about 6 eggs. Nests are piles of wood chips in cavities excavated in stumps and dead limbs of trees such as willow, cottonwood, mulberry, and catalpa, ordinarily about six feet above the ground. =Red-shafted Flicker=: _Colaptes cafer collaris_ Vigors.--This woodpecker is a common summer resident in western Kansas, meeting, hybridizing with, and largely replaced by _C. auratus_ in central and eastern sectors. The vast majority of specimens taken in Kansas show evidence of intergradation with _C. auratus_. _Breeding schedule._--The few records of flickers identified in the field as _C. cafer_ have been combined with those of _C. auratus_ (Fig. 5). _Number of eggs._--Clutch-size is perhaps 6 eggs. Nests are like those of _C. auratus_. =Pileated Woodpecker=: _Dryocopus pileatus_ (Linnaeus).--This is a rare and local resident in the east, in heavy timber. The species has been seen, chiefly in winter, in all sectors of eastern Kansas in recent years, but actual records of breeding come only from Linn and Cherokee counties. _D. p. abieticola_ (Bangs) occurs in the northeast, and _D. p. pileatus_ (Linnaeus) in the southeast. _Breeding schedule._--Eggs are laid at least in April. _Number of eggs._--Clutch-size is 3 or 4 eggs. Nests are of wood chips in cavities excavated 45 to 60 feet high in main trunks of cottonwood, sycamore, and pin oak. =Red-bellied Woodpecker=: _Centurus carolinus zebra_ (Boddaert).--In woodland habitats this is a common resident in eastern Kansas, local in the west. _Breeding schedule._--Thirty-seven records of breeding span the period March 1 to June 30 (Fig. 5); the modal date of egg-laying is around April 25. _Number of eggs._--Clutch-size is about 5 eggs. Nests are of wood chips in cavities excavated in elm, cottonwood, box elder, ash, hickory, or willow, about 25 feet high (nine to 60 feet). [Illustration: FIG. 5.--Histograms representing breeding schedules of the Common Nighthawk, Chimney Swift, woodpeckers, and flycatchers in Kansas. See legend to Figure 1 for explanation of histograms.] =Red-headed Woodpecker=: _Melanerpes erythrocephalus_ (Linnaeus).--This is a common summer resident and uncommon permanent resident in open woodland; in winter it is noted especially around groves of oaks. _M. e. erythrocephalus_ (Linnaeus) occurs in eastern Kansas and _M. e. caurinus_ Brodkorb occurs in central and western Kansas. _Breeding schedule._--Fifty-eight records of breeding span the period May 1 to August 10 (Fig. 5); the modal date of egg-laying is June 5. _Number of eggs._--Clutch-size is 3 or 4 eggs.