TABLE 2.--ANALYSIS OF THE BREEDING AVIFAUNA OF KANSAS BY HABITAT-TYPES ========================+=============================== | Percentage of the Avifauna of +--------+-----------+---------- HABITAT-TYPE | | North | Stated | Kansas | America | Habitat ------------------------+--------+-----------+---------- Woodland: 101 species | 58 | 16.7 | 44.4 Limnic: 36 species[B] | 21 | 6.0 | 38.5 Grassland: 23 species | 13 | 3.8 | 71.3 Xeric scrub: 3 species | 2 | 0.5 | 10.2 Unanalyzed: 11 species | 6 | 2.0 | 55.0 +--------+-----------+---------- Totals: 174 species | 100 | 29.0 | 43.2 ------------------------+--------+-----------+---------- [B] Does not include the Canvasback (_Aythya valisineria_), the Forster Tern (_Sterna forsteri_), and the Black Tern (_Chlidonias niger_), all recently added to the breeding avifauna of Kansas. _Woodland Habitats_ One hundred one species of Kansan birds are woodland species (tables 1 and 2). The analysis of Udvardy (1958) showed woodland birds to be the largest single avifaunal element in North America, with 38 per cent of North American birds relegated to it. It is likewise the largest element in the Kansan avifauna, representing 58 per cent of Kansan birds. Although woodland makes up a relatively small fraction of the vegetational complexes in Kansas, a large number of habitats exist in what woodland is present. An even larger number of possible woodland habitats is clearly missing, however, because the 101 Kansan species actually represent but 44 per cent of all woodland birds in North America, according to Udvardy's analysis. Broad-leaved, deciduous woodlands in Kansas are of restricted horizontal and vertical stratification. More complex deciduous forest associations and all coniferous forest associations are absent from the State. Using Mayr's (1946) breakdown of geographical origin of the North American bird fauna, about 53 per cent of the woodland passerine birds in Kansas are of "North American" origin, 22 per cent are of "Eurasian" origin, and 14 per cent are of "South American" origin (Table 3). These figures for Kansas are commensurate with those found for other geographic districts at the same latitude in North America (Mayr, 1946:28). Other characteristics of woodland birds are summarized in tables 4 and 5. TABLE 3.--ANALYSIS OF ECOLOGIC GROUPS OF BIRDS BY STATUS OF RESIDENCY AND AREA OF ORIGIN Column headings: A: Migrant E: N. Amer. B: Resident F: S. Amer. C: Pt. Migr. G: Unanalyzed D: Old World