The Buccaneers in the West Indies in the XVII CenturyHaring, Clarence Henry
History
The Buccaneers in the West Indies in the XVII Century
Haring, Clarence Henry
Buccaneers; West Indies -- History
In the autumn of 1585 Drake was again in command of a formidable
armament intended against the West Indies. Supported by 2000 troops
under General Carleill, and by Martin Frobisher and Francis Knollys in
the fleet, he took and plundered San Domingo, and after occupying
Cartagena for six weeks ransomed the city for 110,000 ducats. This
fearless old Elizabethan sailed from Plymouth on his last voyage in
August 1595. Though under the joint command of Drake and Hawkins, the
expedition seemed doomed to disaster throughout its course. One vessel,
the "Francis," fell into the hands of the Spaniards. While the fleet was
passing through the Virgin Isles, Hawkins fell ill and died. A desperate
attack was made on S. Juan de Porto Rico, but the English, after losing
forty or fifty men, were compelled to retire. Drake then proceeded to
the Main, where in turn he captured and plundered Rancherias, Rio de la
Hacha, Santa Marta and Nombre de Dios. With 750 soldiers he made a bold
attempt to cross the isthmus to the city of Panama, but turned back
after the loss of eighty or ninety of his followers. A few days later,
on 15th January 1596, he too fell ill, died on the 28th, and was buried
in a leaden coffin off the coast of Darien.[49]
Hawkins and Drake, however, were by no means the only English privateers
of that century in American waters. Names like Oxenham, Grenville,
Raleigh and Clifford, and others of lesser fame, such as Winter, Knollys
and Barker, helped to swell the roll of these Elizabethan sea-rovers. To
many a gallant sailor the Caribbean Sea was a happy hunting-ground where
he might indulge at his pleasure any propensities to lawless adventure.
If in 1588 he had helped to scatter the Invincible Armada, he now
pillaged treasure ships on the coasts of the Spanish Main; if he had
been with Drake to flout his Catholic Majesty at Cadiz, he now closed
with the Spaniards within their distant cities beyond the seas. Thus he
lined his own pockets with Spanish doubloons, and incidentally curbed
Philip's power of invading England. Nor must we think these mariners the
same as the lawless buccaneers of a later period. The men of this
generation were of a sterner and more fanatical mould, men who for their
wildest acts often claimed the sanction of religious convictions.
Whether they carried off the heathen from Africa, or plundered the
fleets of Romish Spain, they were but entering upon "the heritage of the
saints." Judged by the standards of our own century they were pirates
and freebooters, but in the eyes of their fellow-countrymen their
attacks upon the Spaniards seemed fair and honourable.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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