The Burial Customs of the Ancient Greeks — John Shaqi
The Burial Customs of the Ancient GreeksGraves, Frank Pierrepont
History
The Burial Customs of the Ancient Greeks
Graves, Frank Pierrepont
Burial -- Greece; Greece -- Antiquities
It appears to have been an established custom to furnish wreaths for
the dead[52]. We have already learned from Lucian that these wreaths
were made of flowers, if the death occurred during the right season,
and we have other good authority for believing that the parsley
plant was often employed as a substitute at a time unfavorable for
flowers[53]. As in modern burials, these wreaths were sent by the
relatives and friends of the deceased[54], and were especially numerous
at the funerals of young people. This latter fact is established by the
complaint of a woman of ill-repute, who exclaims: “I have a mourner,
not a lover; he sends me wreaths and roses, just as he would for an
untimely death[55].”
A honey cake was also given to the deceased[56]. Whether this cake was
intended as a sop to the three-headed guardian of the lower regions,
the dog, Cerberus, is not certainly known; although a scholiast of
Aristophanes informs us that “the honey-cake was given to the corpses
for Cerberus, as the _obol_ was for the ferryman, and the crown as for
those who had won a prize in life[57].”
Lucian thinks it was the intention of the Greeks[58], by the flowers
and their perfume, to overcome the repulsiveness of death. By too
critical an inquiry into the motive of offering flowers to the dead,
there is danger of losing the sense of the poetic charm of the ceremony.
As to the dress worn by the corpse, there has been some little
discussion in respect to its color, whether it was white or black. If
we are to be guided solely by the ancient authors, there is very little
difficulty in accepting the former color. A scholiast has concluded,
from an episode in Lucian[59], where some young fellows try to give
Democritus a scare by dressing “in a black garment in a _death-like_
way,” that the ancient Greeks dressed their corpses in black robes.
The passage hardly warrants the assumption, and is no valid proof
against the conclusion that the deceased was dressed in white, since
the frolickers may have been trying to impersonate Death himself, “the
black-robed king of the departed,” who is sometimes depicted in “a garb
of sable hue[60].”
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