The Burial Customs of the Ancient GreeksGraves, Frank Pierrepont
History
The Burial Customs of the Ancient Greeks
Graves, Frank Pierrepont
Burial -- Greece; Greece -- Antiquities
At a later period, the sides of the triangle assumed a curved shape.
A section of the coffin was a spherical triangle, and the coffin
became more complicated and durable. Stackelberg gives a very careful
description of the construction of this style, together with an
illustration[196]. On the under layer of curved tiling, rest the bones
of the deceased, at the sides are double layers of tiling, with one at
the top. Two upright tiles close the ends. Another specimen of great
interest is the coffin of a child, unearthed at Athens by Stackelberg,
in the beginning of the present century. It has an elliptical form, and
looks like a movable bath-tub. Many utensils were found in this coffin,
packed away with the skeleton. They will be described hereafter[197].
IX.
THE TOMBS.
Of the tombs themselves, the recent excavations have also made us
acquainted with the construction and the varieties. Cumanudis[198], a
Greek archæologist, now living at Athens, enumerates eight distinct
types of tombs. His classification is rather too minute in some
respects. For all practical purposes, there were four kinds of tombs,
differing from each other in general form. They were variously known
as (a) the _stelae_ or shafts, (b) the _kiones_ or columns, (c) the
_trapezae_ or square-cut tombs, and (d) the _naidia_ [heroia] or
temple-like structures. There were also tombs which were merely heaps
of earth. These mounds were not, however, unimportant; for it was
possible to display there a lavish expenditure. The tomb of Alyattes,
the father of Crœsus, according to Herodotus[199], was six stadia
in circumference, that is, about two-thirds of a mile. It was made
entirely of earth, except a base formed of great stones, and was
declared by Herodotus to be a monument of art, second to none but
those of the Egyptians and the Babylonians. This mass was raised by
merchants, laborers and young women who obtained their money in a
questionable manner. On many of the white lecyths, the mound can be
seen to exceed the height of the persons depicted[200]. In a dialogue
of Lucian[201], Hermes and Charon, from the top of Parnassus and Oeta,
piled one on the other, contemplate the world and that which attracts
their attention in the cemeteries of the large cities are the heaps of
earth, the pillars and the funeral pyramids.
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