The Burial Customs of the Ancient GreeksGraves, Frank Pierrepont
History
The Burial Customs of the Ancient Greeks
Graves, Frank Pierrepont
Burial -- Greece; Greece -- Antiquities
Many tomb-stones were evidently intended for general application, since
the inscription sometimes fails to correspond in every respect with the
relief, but other scenes were wrought out for the particular occasions
on which they were erected. To this latter class must have belonged
the monument at Athens[211], where the figures are of heroic size,
representing a youth in the full vigor of early manhood, accompanied by
an old man, leaning on a cane. In the hand of the young man is a stout
club, an attendant is sleeping at his feet, while his dog is watchfully
alert. There is no inscription to inform us who is commemorated by
this monument, nor what artist has left this wonderful evidence of his
genius and skill, but the subject is treated with marvellous vigor and
grace.
The siren was a familiar figure on the tombstone either singly or in
couples, signifying that, by their song, the dead were constantly
lamented and the living consoled. A small tombstone in the Berlin
Museum contains a lady engaged in her toilet with the assistance of an
attendant maid and, above them, two sirens are engaged in playing, the
one on the lyre and the other on the flute.
Very frequently the scene represented typifies the separation of the
deceased from the relatives who stand sorrowfully about. To the Greek,
there was a solemn dignity in death and that sentiment finds expression
in these reliefs by the representation of the deceased as seated
and rather larger than the other persons of the group. The nearest
relative bids farewell to the seated figure by clasping hands. In the
particulars that have been mentioned, the scene, in every instance,
is nearly the same but, in other details great variety is introduced.
Now, it is a husband who holds the hand of his departing wife while
her sister stands by her side and the long sleeved servant is behind
the chair resting her hand upon the back of it, as if ready to render
instant service. Again a mother is going away from her little daughter
and, at the moment of departure, has placed her arm tenderly about the
child and bends sadly over her. The servant stands as usual behind the
deceased. In another scene, the infant in the arms of one of the group
would suggest that distressing incident in family history, the death
of the young mother in, or near child-birth. In this group too, there
remains the hand and long sleeve of the servant. In all these pictures,
if it is a lady who is commemorated, she is represented as holding her
veil in a peculiarly graceful manner, which occurs so frequently as to
suggest a symbol of departure.
Some of the monuments present scenes of every day domestic life or of a
lady engaged about her toilet. In a relief, found at Athens, some kind
of a repast or feast is shown. A bearded man reclines upon a couch and
holds a plate or saucer in his hand, his wife is seated at his feet and
a naked cup-bearer is near at hand. A friend stands at the head of the
couch and the dog lies under it.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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