The Burial Customs of the Ancient GreeksGraves, Frank Pierrepont
History
The Burial Customs of the Ancient Greeks
Graves, Frank Pierrepont
Burial -- Greece; Greece -- Antiquities
In addition to the appointed sacrifices, there were apparently other
celebrations held at stated times beside the tomb. These seasons
Plato euphemistically called “days not to be mentioned,” and he did
not, think it right at that time to hear sorrows of any kind[304].
These latter celebrations seem to have consisted for the most part
of libations to the dead, and to have been celebrated by a cessation
from the ordinary duties[305]. One of these mourning holidays was that
called _genesia_[306]. From its apparent derivation, it may be assumed
to have been the celebration of the birthday of the deceased. This
conjecture is strengthened by the will of Epicurus, found in Diogenes
Laertius[307], in which he directs his heirs to arrange offerings
to the _manes_ of his father, mother, brothers and himself, and to
celebrate his birthday each year on the tenth of the month _Gamelion_.
Herodotus also mentions the fact that the Greeks, like the Issedones,
had annual sacrifices for the dead. Whether he refers to the _genesia_
or to another yearly offering known as the _nekysia_ or to both is
uncertain[308].
This _nekysia_ was a general holiday for all Athens and was dedicated
to all the dead. It consisted of the same sort of sacrificing as that
which took place on the anniversary of the birthday[309]. Besides these
ceremonies, it was customary, in the very early times, to institute
funeral games in honor of the deceased shortly after the burial. On
the death of Azan, according to the myth, son of Arcas, the king from
whom Arcadia received its name, these games were first established in
Greece. In his case, probably, the only contest was horse-racing[310].
But in the Homeric times, although the chariot race was the most
important, there were also a boxing match, wrestling, a foot race, an
armed combat, competition in weight-casting, a trial at archery and a
contest of javelin throwing[311]. There were suitable prizes in each
event for every one of the contestants. If the games which the Greek
chieftains arranged in memory of Achilles, when he died, were any more
elaborate than these, as Agamemnon maintains they were, they must have
occupied considerable time[312].
These celebrations occasionally occurred in the historic period.
Plutarch tells us that, after Timoleon’s death, the people of Syracuse
determined to honor him with funeral games forever, to be celebrated
with performances in music, horse-racing and wrestling[313].
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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