Parnassius 306 XL. Papilio 310 XLI. Papilio 314 XLII. Papilio 316 XLIII. Papilio, Colias, Pyrameis, Epargyreus 318 XLIV. Papilio 323 XLV. Papilio, Pholisora, Eudamus, Achalarus, Pyrrhopyge, Plestia, Calpodes, Thanao 330 XLVI. Hesperiidæ 338 XLVII. Hesperiidæ 350 XLVIII. Hesperiidæ and Colias eurytheme 360 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION CHAPTER I THE LIFE-HISTORY AND ANATOMY OF BUTTERFLIES "The study of butterflies,--creatures selected as the types of airiness and frivolity,--instead of being despised, will some day be valued as one of the most important branches of biological science."--BATES, _Naturalist on the Amazons_. In studying any subject, it is always well, if possible, to commence at the beginning; and in studying the life of animals, or of a group of animals, we should endeavor to obtain a clear idea at the outset of the manner in which they are developed. It is a familiar saying that "all life is from an egg." This statement is scientifically true in wide fields which come under the eye of the naturalist, and butterflies are no exception to the rule. THE EGGS OF BUTTERFLIES [Illustration FIG. 1.--Egg of _Basilarchia disippus_, magnified 30 diameters (Riley).] [Illustration FIG. 2.--Egg of _Basilarchia disippus_, natural size, at the end of under surface of leaf (Riley).]