The Butterfly Book: A Popular Guide to a Knowledge of the Butterflies of North AmericaHolland, W. J. (William Jacob)
Science
The Butterfly Book: A Popular Guide to a Knowledge of the Butterflies of North America
Holland, W. J. (William Jacob)
Butterflies -- North America
There are an immense number of species belonging to this genus scattered
through the tropical and subtropical regions of both hemispheres. Many
of the species are dimorphic or polymorphic, and much confusion has
arisen, especially in relation to the Oriental species, on account of
the great tendency to the production of seasonal varieties, many of
which are strikingly different from one another.
(1) =Terias gundlachia=, Poey, Plate XXXVII, Fig. 1, ♂ (Gundlach's
Sulphur).
_Butterfly._--This species is easily recognized by the orange-yellow
tint of the upper side of the wings and the sharply pointed hind wings.
Expanse, 1.80 inch.
_Early Stages._--We know nothing of these.
The species is found in Texas, Arizona, Mexico, and Cuba.
(2) =Terias proterpia=, Fabricius, Plate XXXVII, Fig. 2, ♂ (_Proterpia_).
_Butterfly._--Even deeper orange than the preceding species. The hind
wings are, however, less pointed; the veins and nervules are black at
their ends, and the costal margin of the fore wings is evenly bordered
with black, which does not run down on the outer margin as in _T.
gundlachia_. Expanse, 1.50-1.75 inch.
_Early Stages._--Unknown.
_Proterpia_ is found in Texas, Arizona, and Mexico.
(3) =Terias nicippe=, Cramer, Plate XXXVII, Fig. 3, ♂; Fig. 4, ♀; Fig.
5, var. =flava=, ♂; Fig. 6, ♀, _under side_; Plate II, Fig. 6, _larva_;
Plate V, Figs. 51, 52, _chrysalis_ (Nicippe).
_Butterfly._--The plate gives so full a presentation of this common
species as to make a lengthy description unnecessary. It is subject to
considerable variation. I have specimens of many varying shades of
orange and yellow, and a few albino females. The orange form depicted in
Plate XXXVII, Figs. 3 and 4, is typical. The form _flava_ is not
uncommon. Expanse, 1.50-2.00 inches.
_Early Stages._--These are not as well known as they should be in view
of the excessive abundance of the insect in long-settled parts of the
country. The caterpillar feeds upon _Cassia_ in preference to all other
plants, but will eat other leguminosæ.
_Nicippe_ is very rare in New England, but is common south of latitude
40° as far as the Rocky Mountains, and ranges over Cuba, Mexico, and
Guatemala, into Venezuela and even Brazil. It fairly swarms at times in
the Carolinas, Tennessee, Kentucky, and southern Indiana and Illinois. I
have encountered clouds of it on the wing near Jeffersonville, Indiana,
and thence north along the lines of the Pennsylvania Railroad as far as
Seymour. It is not common in western Pennsylvania, but in former years
was taken rather frequently about Pittsburgh.
(4) =Terias mexicana=, Plate XXXVII, Fig. 7, ♂; Fig. 8, ♀, _under side_
(The Mexican Yellow).
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