The Butterfly Book: A Popular Guide to a Knowledge of the Butterflies of North AmericaHolland, W. J. (William Jacob)
Science
The Butterfly Book: A Popular Guide to a Knowledge of the Butterflies of North America
Holland, W. J. (William Jacob)
Butterflies -- North America
_Mimicry._--One of the most singular and interesting facts in the animal
kingdom is what has been styled mimicry. Certain colors and forms are
possessed by animals which adapt them to their surroundings in such wise
that they are in a greater or less degree secured from observation and
attack. Or they possess forms and colors which cause them to approximate
in appearance other creatures, which for some reason are feared or
disliked by animals which might prey upon them, and in consequence of
this resemblance enjoy partial or entire immunity. Some butterflies, for
instance, resemble dried leaves, and as they are seated upon the twigs
of trees they wholly elude the eye. This illustrates the first form of
mimicry. Other butterflies so closely approximate in form and color
species which birds and other insects will not attack, because of the
disagreeable juices which their bodies contain, that they are shunned by
their natural enemies, in spite of the fact that they belong to groups
of insects which are ordinarily greedily devoured by birds and other
animals. A good illustration of this fact is found in the case of the
Disippus Butterfly, which belongs to a group which is not specially
protected, but is often the prey of insect-eating creatures. This
butterfly has assumed almost the exact color and markings of the
milkweed butterfly, _Anosia plexippus_, which is distasteful to birds,
and hence enjoys peculiar freedom from the attacks of enemies. Because
this adaptation of one form to another evidently serves the purpose of
defense this phenomenon has been called "protective mimicry." The reader
who is curious to know more about the subject will do well to consult
the writings of Mr. Alfred Russel Wallace and Mr. Darwin, who have
written at length upon mimicry among butterflies. There is here a field
of most interesting inquiry for the student.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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