Henry VI. of Swabia, Emperor of the West, 278 Heracleonas, reign and fall of, 165-6 Heraclius the Elder, rebellion of, 130 Heraclius I., sails against Constantinople, 130; slays Phocas, 130; disasters of the Persian War, 132; his Crusade, 133; victorious campaign of, 135-7; his triumph, 139; attacked by the Saracens, 160; defeated, 163; last years of, 164 Heraclius Constantinus, son of Heraclius I., short reign of, 165 Hierapolis taken by Nicephorus Phocas, 231 Hieromax, battle of the, 162 Hilderic, Vandal king, deposed, 81 Hippodrome, the great, 22 Histiaeus holds Byzantium, 5 Honorius slays Stilicho, 49 Hungary, converted to Christianity, 262; invaded by Manuel I., 271; attacks the Ottoman Turks, 342 Huniades, John, 342 Huns, under Attila, 57; ravage Syria, 71; threaten Constantinople, 104; defeated by Belisarius, 105 Iconium, Sultanate of, _see under_ Seljouks Iconoclasm, the movement, 188-9; vigorous under the Isaurian emperors, 192-7; in the ninth century, 203-10; ended by Michael III., 212 Iconodules, 202 Images, superstitions connected with, 190; removed by Leo III., 192; use of, ceases in the East, 212 Innocent III., sends out Fourth Crusade, 281; wrath of with the Crusaders, 290 Irene, the empress, regency of, 107; deposed, 198; blinds her son and seizes the throne, 199 Isaac I. (Comnenus), his short reign, 250 Isaac II. (Angelus), rebels, 273; his reign, 276; deposed by his brother, 278; restored, 284; dies, 285 Isaac Comnenus, of Cyprus, 277-8 Isaurians, the, enlisted by Leo and Zeno, 61; dynasty of the, 192-9 Isperich, king of Bulgaria, 172 Italy, conquered by Belisarius, 88-91; partly conquered by the Lombards, 116; Constans II. in, 169; central parts of, lost, 196; southern parts of, conquered by the Normans, 258 Jacobites, in Egypt and Syria, 161 Janissaries, the, 324 Jerusalem, Eudocia at, 57; taken by Persians, 132; Heraclius at, 139; taken by the Saracens, 163; taken by the Crusaders, 265 John I. (Zimisces), murders his uncle, 232; successful wars of, 234-7; dies, 239 John II. (Comnenus), reign and conquests of, 268-9 John III. (Ducas Vatatzes), 300; conquers Thrace and Macedonia, 301 John IV. (Ducas), dethroned by Michael Paleologus, 304 John V. (Paleologus), minority of, 325-8; expels John Cantacuzenus, 329; defeated by the Turks, 330; later years of, 333 John VI. (Paleologus), reign of, 339; embraces Catholicism, 341 John (Angelus), Emperor of Thessalonica, 300 John, King of Bulgaria, 276; conquers Baldwin I., 295 John the Cappadocian, finance minister, 76 John Chrysostom, patriarch, 52; exiled, 53 John Ducas, regent, 255 John the Faster, patriarch, 120 John the Grammarian, patriarch, 209, 212 John Huniades, general, 342 John Lydus, author, 143 Julian, reign of, 32 Justin I., reign of, 65 Justin II., reign and wars of, 117