Justinian I., character of, 65; marries Theodora, 66; first Persian war of, 71-4; Italian and African wars of, 83-93; recalls Belisarius, 91; his buildings, 106-9; his legal work, 112 Justinian II., misfortunes of, 172; banished, 175; reconquers his throne, 179; slain, 180 Kadesia, battle of, 164 Kaikhosru, Sultan, slain in battle, 299 Karasi, Emirs of, 319 Karl the Great, crowned emperor, 201 Kathisma, the, 24 Khaled, victories of, 162 Khazars, allied to Heraclius, 137; shelter Justinian II., 178 Kief, Russian capital, 234 Kobad, wars of, with Justinian, 71 Ladislas, king of Bulgaria, 243 Ladislas, king of Poland and Hungary, 342 Larissa, battle of, 261 Lascaris, _see under_ Theodore I. Latin language, used in the Balkan Peninsula, 124; decay of the, 144 Law, Roman, codified by Justinian, 112; changes of Leo III., 194; of Basil I., 214 Lazarus the painter, 224 Lecky, Mr., views of, discussed, 153 Lazica, wars of Justinian and Chosroës about, 100 Leo I., reign of, 60 Leo III., the Isaurian, seizes the crown, 182; defends Constantinople, 184; religious reforms of, 192; political reforms of, 194 Leo IV., short reign of, 197 Leo V. (the Armenian) seizes the throne, 204; defeats the Bulgarians, 205; murdered, 206 Leo VI. (the Wise), reign of, 216; literary works of, 218 Leo the Deacon, 237 Leontius, usurpation and fall of, 175-7; slain, 179 Liberius conquers South Spain, 96-7 Licinius, wars of with Maximinus Daza, 11; dethroned by Constantine I., 12 Literature, 221-2 Lombards, the, leave Pannonia, 115; conquer North Italy, 117; defeated by Constans II., 169; subdue the Exarchate, 196 Louis IX., of France, gives money to Baldwin II., 305 Lupicinus, governor of Moesia, 37 Lydus, John, author, 143 Macedonia, overrun by Slavs, 125; in hands of Boniface of Montferrat, 292; conquered by Stephen Dushan, 327 Maeander, battle of the, 299 Mahomet, the prophet, rise of, 159 Mahomet I., Sultan, reunites the Ottoman Empire, 336 Mahomet II. conquers Constantinople, 343-50 Maniakes, wars of, 246 Manuel I. (Comnenus), reign and wars of, 271-2 Manuel II. (Paleologus), reign and misfortunes of, 336-9 Manzikert, battle of, 254 Marcianus, reign of, 59 Martina, niece and wife of Heraclius, 165; exiled, 166 Martyropolis, 121 Maurice, reign of, 120; Persian wars, 121; fall and death of, 127 Maximinus Daza takes Byzantium, 11 Melek-Adel, Sultan of Egypt, 279 Mesembria, taken by Bulgarians, 204; battle of, 205 Mesopotamia, conquered by Heraclius, 136; invaded by John Zimisces, 239 Michael I. (Rhangabe), short reign of, 204 Michael II. (the Amorian), conspiracy of, 206; ecclesiastical policy of, 207; wars of, 208 Michael III. (the Drunkard), minority of, 212; excesses and murder of, 213 Michael IV. (the Paphlagonian), reign and wars of, 246 Michael V., ephemeral power of, 247 Michael VI. (Stratioticus), short reign of, 248-9