Byzantine Empire, 17, 35, 38, 47, fall of, 111-116 national traits, 44-45, 54, 68-69, 74, 103-106 origin of, 39-44 people of, 23-25 royalty, 33, 47-54 significance of, 93-103 Byzantium. _See_ Constantinople. _caesar_ (sē’zēr), 41, 56 Caesar, Julius, 40, 58-59 _campagia_ (kam-pā’ji-Ə), 51 _cataphracts_ (kat’Ə-frakts), 59, 60, 61 Cathisma, 32 ceremonies, 33, 50-51 Chalké, 29 Charlemagne, 17, 99 Chrysopolis. _See_ Scutari. Circus. _See_ Hippodrome. Clari, Robert of, 28-29, 31-34, 43, 45, 107 Constantine the Great (Constantine I), 29, 41, 42-44, 73 Constantine Born-in-the-Purple (Constantine VII), 66-67, 99 Constantine XI, 113 Constantinople, 15, 16-17, 21, 25-35, 42-43, 45, 89 occupation during Fourth Crusade, 16-21, 107-111 seizure by Turks, 112-116 Cosmas Who-Sailed-to-India, 98 costume (military), 59; (royal), 50-51 crafts, 86 Crusades (First), 14, 20, 22; (Fourth), 13-22, 45, 107-111 Cyril, Saint, 78, 80 Dandolo, Henry, 15-16, 20, 110 Daphne Palace, 29 Demetrius, Saint, 72 _Digenes Akrites_, 63-64 Diocletian, 41-42, 43, 44 diplomatic corps, 47, 65-66 _drungarius_ (drun-gâr´i-Əs), 47 Eastern Roman Empire. _See_ Byzantine Empire. education, 99-101 _eikons_ (ī´kons), 75 _eparch_ (ep´ärk), 103 farming, 82-85 foreign trade, 82-83, 88-89, 91 Galata, 25 Golden Horn, 25-26 government, 46-56 officials, 55-56 Great Church. _See_ Santa Sophia. Great Palace. _See_ Bukoleon, Palace of. Greek Church. _See_ Orthodox Christian Church. Greek Empire. _See_ Byzantine Empire. Greek fire, 65 Gregory of Nyssa, Saint, 69 Harun al-Rashid, 101 Heraclius, 101 Hippodrome, 32, 35, 49, 50, 75, 110 Holy Chapel, 28-29 _homoiousion_ (ho-moi-ōō´si-Ən) = _homoousion_ (ho-mō-ōō´si-Ən) controversy, 74 _How To Run the Empire_, 66-67 Iconoclast controversy, 74-76, 78 industry, 85-88, 103 Irene, 17, 48 _isapostolos_ (īs-Ə-pos´tƏl-Əs), 48 Istanbul. _See_ Constantinople. John IV, 99-100 Justinian, 17, 38, 49-50, 51, 65 Kercuas, John, 17, 19 Khazars, 29 laws, 102-103, 104 Leo the Philosopher, 50, 99 Liutprand, Bishop, 29, 87-88 _logothesia_ (log-ō-thē´zhi-Ə), 56 _logothete_ (log´ō-thēt), 55 Logothete of the Dromos, or Grand Logothete, 55, 66 Lucas Notaras, 73 Magnaura Palace, 29 Manuel II, 99-100 Marmara, Sea of, 28 Mesé, 34 Methodius, Saint, 78, 80 Michael Paleologus, 111 Michael the Drunkard, 78, 105 Michael the Stutterer, 105 Michael Thinks-He’s-a-Soldier, 54 Micklegarth. _See_ Constantinople. Midway. _See_ Mesé. Mohammed II, 112-113 monuments and statues, 33, 34, 50 mosaics, 17, 95-98 navy, 46, 47, 64-65 New Rome. _See_ Constantinople. Nicephorus Phocas, 19 Nika revolt, 32 _nipsistarios_ (nip-sis-ta´ri-ōs), 56 _orphanotrope_ (ôr-fan´Ə-trōp), 102