The Cabinetmaker in Eighteenth-Century Williamsburg: Giving Attention to the City's Chief Craftsmen in the Furniture Way; And to Their Tools & Methods of WorkingHeuvel, Johannes
History
The Cabinetmaker in Eighteenth-Century Williamsburg: Giving Attention to the City's Chief Craftsmen in the Furniture Way; And to Their Tools & Methods of Working
Heuvel, Johannes
Furniture making; Furniture workers -- Virginia -- Williamsburg; Furniture, Colonial -- Virginia -- Williamsburg
Samuel Galt followed the watchmaking and silversmithing craft in
Williamsburg from 1750 until his death. His older son, James, was also a
silversmith until he became, in 1770, the first “keeper” of the
“Lunatick Hospital” in Williamsburg. The younger son, John Minson Galt,
acquired a medical education in Edinburgh and London, then became a
partner in Dr. James Pasteur’s apothecary and chirurgical establishment
in Williamsburg.
Unfortunately the Galt family tradition does not say which of
Williamsburg’s eighteenth-century craftsmen created the articles in
question. The most prominent pre-Revolutionary cabinetmakers were all
active during some part of the period when the Galts, father and sons,
were founding the family’s name and fame. It is possible, judging from
appearance alone, that the two simpler pieces could have been made for
the earliest Galt by the earliest (known) cabinetmaker, Peter Scott,
while the third was constructed for a later and more pretentious
household by a later craftsman, perhaps Edmund Dickinson.
Dickinson was well equipped to make better furniture than any of these
three clothes presses. An apprentice in Anthony Hay’s cabinet shop on
Nicholson Street, he may have stayed on as journeyman during Benjamin
Bucktrout’s proprietorship of the shop and timber yard. In any case, he
became master of the establishment himself in 1771. Seven years later,
serving as an officer in the Revolutionary army, he was killed at the
Battle of Monmouth.
The appraisers of Dickinson’s estate—one of them was Bucktrout—valued
his possessions at the respectable total of £164 6_s._ 6_d._ About £20
of this represented Dickinson’s library of 40 volumes. Some of these had
probably been gathered by Hay in the first place, but it was still a
large and wide-ranging collection of books for a craftsman. In addition
to a copy of “Chippendale’s Designs” valued by itself at £6, there were
books of poetry and history, English and French dictionaries, and many
volumes of the _Tatler_, the _Spectator_, and the _Connoisseur_.
_THE COMPLEAT TOOL CHEST_
Another section of the Dickinson inventory demands particular attention
here: the list of the cabinetmaker’s tools. These were valued by the
appraisers at close to £50, and included 81 planes of different sorts,
11 saws, one stock or brace and 20 bits, 63 chisels and gouges, four
clamps and a bench vise, a dozen miscellaneous items, and a tool box.
[Illustration: _A cabinetmaker’s workbench and a variety of
woodworking tools of the eighteenth century. Among them may be seen
several bench planes, two kinds of frame saw, an assortment of
chisels, some measuring and marking tools, a brace and bit, gimlets,
etc. This illustration is taken from Joseph Moxon’s_ Mechanick
Exercises, _published in London in 1683_.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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