Besides the errors incidental to the process of computation, there are
further liabilities in the process of transcribing the final results of
each calculation into the fair copy of the table designed for the
printer. The next source of error lies with the compositor, in
transferring this copy into type. But the liabilities to error do not
stop even here; for it frequently happens, that after the press has been
fully corrected, errors will be produced in the process of printing. A
remarkable instance of this occurs in one of the six errors detected in
so many different tables already mentioned. In one of these cases, the
last five figures of two successive numbers of a logarithmic table were
the following:--
35875
10436.
Now, both of these are erroneous; the figure 8 in the first line should
be 4, and the figure 4 in the second should be 8. It is evident that the
types, as first composed, were correct; but in the course of printing,
the two types 4 and 8 being loose, adhered to the inking-balls, and were
drawn out: the pressmen in replacing them transposed them, putting the 8
_above_ and the 4 _below_, instead of _vice versa_. It would be a curious
enquiry, were it possible to obtain all the copies of the original
edition of Vlacq's Logarithms, published at Gouda in 1628, from which
this error appears to have been copied in all the subsequent tables, to
ascertain whether it extends through the entire edition. It would
probably, nay almost certainly, be discovered that some of the copies of
that edition are correct in this number, while others are incorrect; the
former having been worked off before the transposition of the types.
It is a circumstance worthy of notice, that this error in Vlacq's tables
has produced a corresponding error in a variety of other tables deduced
from them, _in which nevertheless the erroneous figures in Vlacq are
omitted_. In no less than sixteen sets of tables published at various
times since the publication of Vlacq, in which the logarithms extend
only to seven places of figures, the error just mentioned in the _eighth
place_ in Vlacq causes a corresponding error in the _seventh_ place. When
the last three figures are omitted in the first of the above numbers,
the seventh figure should be 5, inasmuch as the first of the omitted
figures is under 5: the erroneous insertion, however, of the figure 8 in
Vlacq has caused the figure 6 to be substituted for 5 in the various
tables just alluded to. For the same reason, the erroneous occurrence of
4 in the second number has caused the adoption of a 0 instead of a 1 in
the seventh place in the other tables. The only tables in which this
error does not occur are those of Vega, the more recent editions of
Callet, and the still later Logarithms of Mr Babbage.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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