The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 03 (of 10) — John Shaqi
The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 03 (of 10)Cooke, A. H. (Alfred Hands)
Science
The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 03 (of 10)
Cooke, A. H. (Alfred Hands)
Animals
What the exact use of the thread may be, must to a certain extent
be matter of conjecture. The Limnaeidae are, in the great majority
of cases, compelled to make periodic visits to the surface in order
to inspire oxygen. It is also a favourite habit with them to float
just under the surface, or crawl about on its under side, perhaps in
pursuit of tiny vegetable organisms. Whatever may be the object of an
excursion to the surface, a taut thread will obviously be a nearer way
up than any other which is likely to present itself; indeed, without
this thread-spinning power, which insures a tolerably rapid arrival at
the surface, the animal might find itself asphyxiated, or at least
seriously inconvenienced, before it could succeed in taking in the
desired supply of oxygen. With the Cycladidae, which do not breathe
air, such an explanation is out of place; in their case the thread
seems to be a convenient means of resting in one position in the
intervals of the periods of active exercise to which several of the
species are so much addicted.
The power of suspension by a thread is also possessed by certain of
the _Cyclostomatidae_, by some _Cerithidea_, several _Rissoa_ and
other marine genera, prominent among which is _Litiopa bombyx_, whose
name expresses its power of anchoring itself to the Sargasso weed by a
silken thread of mucus. Several species of slugs are known to be able
to let themselves down by threads from the branches of trees. _Limax
arborum_ is especially noted for this property, and has been observed
suspended in pairs during the breeding time. According to Binney, all
the American species of _Limax_, besides those of _Tebennophorus_,
possess this singular property. _Limax arborum_ appears to be the only
slug which has been noticed to ascend, as well as descend, its thread.
It has also been observed[45] that when this species is gorged with
food, its slime is thin and watery, and unable to sustain its weight,
but that after the process of digestion has been performed, the mucus
again becomes thick and tenacious. It appears therefore that when
the animal is hungry and most in need of the power of making distant
excursions in search of food, its condition enables it to do so, but
that when no such necessity is pressing, the thread-forming mucus is
not secreted, or is perhaps held in suspense while the glands assist in
lubricating the food before digestion.[46]
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