The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 06 (of 10)Sharp, David
Science
The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 06 (of 10)
Sharp, David
Animals
The workers of the Dorylini at present known are without exception quite
blind, and are believed to be all of predaceous habits; it is thought by
some that they have no fixed abodes, but, like the Ecitonini, frequently
change their residence, and it has been suggested that in doing so they
make use of the nests of other ants as temporary abodes; all these points
are, however, still unsettled, and as there are several genera it is not
unlikely that considerable variety will be found to prevail. The driver
ants of Africa, belonging to the genus _Anomma_, are in some {179}respects
similar to _Eciton_ in habits, as they enter human habitations and cause
nearly everything else to quit; it is probable that they are also
exclusively carnivorous. Savage detected the nests of _A. arcens_, but the
account he has given of them is too vague to permit one to decide whether
the assemblages he saw were of a nomad kind. The workers of this species
vary greatly in size, and Emery has recently stated that he believes all
the supposed species of the genus to be merely varieties of _A.
burmeisteri_. The female of the driver ants is still quite unknown. A
_Dorylus_ has been ascertained to be the male of _Typhlopone_. The male
_Dorylus_ (Figs. 79, A, and 80) is of great interest, for the propodeum is
in a more primitive form than it is in any other petiolate Hymenopteron
known to us, while at the same time the pronotum and mesonotum are very
highly developed. The genus _Typhlatta_ Sm. has been recently identified by
Wroughton and Forel as the worker-condition of which _Aenictus_ is the
winged male. The genus _Alaopone_ will probably be found to have some
species of _Dorylus_ as its male.
[Illustration: Fig. 80—Body of male of _Dorylus_ sp. Delagoa Bay. _a_,
pronotum; _b_, _c_, divisions of mesonotum; _d_, metanotum; _e_, propodeum;
_f_, first abdominal segment; _g_, _h_, points of insertion of anterior and
posterior wings.]
The females of the Dorylides are amongst the rarest of Insects, and are
also amongst the greatest of natural curiosities. Although worker ants and
female ants are merely forms of one sex—the female—yet in this sub-family
of ants they have become so totally different from one another in size,
form, structure, and habits that it is difficult to persuade oneself they
can possibly issue from similar eggs. In the Insect world there are but few
cases in which males differ from females so greatly as the workers of
Dorylides do from the females, the phenomena finding their only parallel in
the soldiers and females of Termites; the mode in which this difference is
introduced into the life of the individuals of one sex is unknown. The
largest of all the Dorylides are the African Insects of the genus
_Rhogmus_. Only the male is known.
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