The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 06 (of 10)Sharp, David
Science
The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 06 (of 10)
Sharp, David
Animals
{180}The specimens of female Dorylides that have been detected may, after
fifty or sixty years of research, be still counted on the fingers. As the
greatest confusion exists in entomological literature owing to the forms of
a single species having been described as two or three genera, the
following summary of the principal names of genera of Dorylides may be
useful:—
_Eciton_ = the workers, _Labidus_ = male: ♀ unknown.
_Pseudodicthadia_: female only known, possibly that of _Eciton_.
_Cheliomyrmex_: workers and soldiers only known.
_Aenictus_ = the male, _Typhlatta_ = worker: ♀ unknown.
_Rhogmus_: male; female unknown. (According to Emery the worker is very
small and like _Alaopone_.)
_Anomma_: only worker known; male probably a _Dorylus_.
_Dorylus_ = male; _Dicthadia_ = ♀: _Alaopone_ and _Typhlopone_ = workers.
SUB-FAM. 6. AMBLYOPONIDES.—_Abdomen destitute of distinct pedicel; the
articulation between the first and second segments behind the true
petiole being broad._
[Illustration: Fig. 81—_Amblyopone_, worker. Tasmania.]
We follow Forel in separating _Amblyopone_ and a few allies from the
Ponerides, because the abdominal pedicel is more imperfect than in any
other ants. It is, indeed, very difficult to frame a definition that will
include the Amblyoponides among ants, and at the same time separate
Formicidae and Scoliidae. Forel considers the Amblyoponides to approach
closely to certain divisions of the Scoliidae (Thynnides, _e.g._). Little
is known of these Insects, though they are widely distributed. _Amblyopone_
is found in Australia and New Zealand; the allied genus _Stigmatomma_ has a
wide distribution, occurring even in Europe. The social life is believed to
be imperfect, and the habits subterranean and sedentary. The males and
females are winged; the latter much resemble the workers, which are nearly
blind, and have a considerable general resemblance to _Anomma_ in
Dorylides.
ASSOCIATION OF ANTS WITH OTHER KINDS OF INSECTS.—We have already alluded to
the fact that a few species of ants are {181}used by other species as
attendants, and that the two kinds then live together quite amicably; and
we have also seen that a few ants live in association with other species on
terms that are not yet understood. One little ant, _Formicoxenus
nitidulus_, lives only in the large nests of _Formica rufa_; these ants
tolerate the little _Formicoxenus_, which so far as is known does them
neither good nor harm. There are also a considerable number of species of
small ants that are in the habit of choosing the neighbourhood of larger
species for their dwelling-places; in some cases the nests are constructed
actually within a portion of the edifice of the more powerful species, and
the rule then appears to be that these neighbours do not molest one
another. Notwithstanding the militant lives that many of them lead, ants
cannot be considered as of generally ferocious disposition.
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