The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 07 (of 10) — John Shaqi
The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 07 (of 10)Boulenger, George Albert
Science
The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 07 (of 10)
Boulenger, George Albert
Animals
The trunk contains paired third body-cavities (_b.c^3_), the septum between
which and the collar-cavities is slightly behind the line of origin of the
operculum. Two ovaries (_ov_) are situated between the pharynx and the last
part of the intestine, each opening to the exterior dorsally between the
central nervous {26}system and the anus. Each oviduct (_ovd_) contains dark
pigment, which is seen through the dorsal skin on removing the tentacular
arms. Eggs, each enclosed in a stalked membrane, occur in numbers in the
cavities of the gelatinous house. The early stages of the development are
passed through inside the tubes; but there is at present little other
information with regard to the embryonic development of the Pterobranchia.
The specimen obtained by the "Siboga" from Celebes is a male colony with
dimorphic individuals, the reproductive organs being confined to two-armed
zooids with vestigial alimentary canal.
[Illustration: FIG. 12.—Small portion of colony of _Rhabdopleura normani_,
Allman, Lofoten Islands, × 16. _a_, Anus; _p_, proboscis (= buccal disc);
_r_, rod-like axis of the adherent part of the colony, prolonged into _s_,
the stalks of the individuals; _st_, stomach; _t_, the two tentacular arms
of the collar. (After Sars.)]
_Rhabdopleura_ differs from _Cephalodiscus_ in its much smaller size,[48]
and it is perhaps due to its minuteness that it does not possess certain
organs found in the latter. The stalk is represented by a long muscular
cord, which is merely a narrow part of the body. Basally the stalk of each
individual passes into a common axis, which is for the most part attached
to the substance on which the colony is growing, and is to some extent
branched. The muscular stalk can be contracted into a spiral, thereby
retracting the animal into its tube. The stalks and the younger parts of
the axis which connects them are soft, but the older parts secrete a dark
brown cuticle, forming a narrow {27}tube which becomes embedded in the
adherent wall of the outer tube. The thin dark axis, to which the name
_Rhabdopleura_ refers, is the feature by which the animal can most readily
be recognised without magnification.
The outer transparent tube is constructed by the proboscis, or buccal
shield, the secretion of which appears to be intermittent, so that the tube
consists of a series of rings piled on one another. The animal crawls up
the inside of its tube by means of its proboscis, while it is retracted by
means of the muscles of its stalk.
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