A third species, _S. caucasica_, is found in the Caucasus. It rather resembles the Spotted Salamander in coloration, but has a larger tail and lacks the lateral warts. The male is remarkable for the possession of a soft permanent knob or hook at the top of the root of the tail. This pommel possibly prevents the slipping off during the amorous amplexus, provided the sexes then entwine like certain Tritons. _Chioglossa lusitanica._–The only species of this genus is restricted to the north-western third of the Iberian peninsula. This graceful, slenderly-proportioned and beautiful Salamander is apparently very rare and local, having hitherto been found at a few places, namely, near Coimbra, Oporto and Coruña. It lives under moss, and runs and climbs with an agility surprising in a Urodele. The tongue is long, ending in a fork, and is supported by a median pedicle so that the tip can be quickly protruded to the distance of more than an inch. The whole length of the animal is about 5 to 6 inches, two-thirds of which belong to {122}the long tail, which is compressed at the end. The skin is smooth and shiny, with a gular fold and large parotoids. The general colour is a rich dark brown, with a pair of broad reddish-golden bands along the back and tail, the bands being separated by an almost black vertebral line. The few specimens which I have been lucky enough to observe made little holes or passages in the moist moss of their cage, peeping out with their heads in wait for little insects, which they caught with flash-like quickness. They seem to be crepuscular. _Salamandrina perspicillata._–This genus, represented by one species, a native of Liguria and Northern Italy, possibly extending into Dalmatia, is the only Salamander which has but four toes. The skin is not shiny and smooth, but is finely granular and dry, forms no gular fold, and is devoid of parotoid glands. The tail is more than half the length of the animal, which measures from 3 to 4 inches. The general colour is black-brown with a broad V-shaped orange-yellow mark extending from eye to eye over the occiput. A faint irregular yellowish line extends along the middle of the back and tail. The throat is black, with a diffused white patch in the middle; the belly is white, with black dots; the anal region, the inner sides of the legs and the under side of the tail are carmine-red. This slender and pretty Salamander is diurnal, and feigns death when discovered. Only the female goes into the water, in March, to glue the eggs on to submerged rocks or water-plants. The young finish their metamorphosis by the month of June, and reach full size during the winter, the climate of their home being sufficiently genial to make hibernation scarcely necessary.