J. Müller, 1831, "Beiträge zur Anatomie ... der Amphibien."[6] GYMNOPHIONA, DEROTREMATA, PROTEIDAE, SALAMANDRINA, BATRACHIA. J. Bell, 1836, Todd's "Cyclopaedia of Anatomy and Physiology," Art. "Amphibia." AMPHIPNEUSTA, the Perennibranchiate Urodeles; ANOURA, URODELA; ABRANCHIA, _Menopoma_ and _Amphiuma_; APODA. Stannius, 1856, "Handbuch der Zootomie: Anatomie der Wirbelthiere." (2nd ed.) AMPHIBIA MONOPNOA. The Reptilia. AMPHIBIA DIPNOA. 1. URODELA. _PERENNIBRANCHIATA._ _DEROTREMATA_: _Amphiuma_ and _Menopoma_. _MYCTODERA._[7] {9} 2. BATRACHIA. _AGLOSSA._ _PHANEROGLOSSA_: Systomata = Engystomatidae. Bufoninae. Without manubrium sterni. Raninae. With manubrium. Hyloidea. With adhesive finger-discs. _GYMNOPHIONA._ Gegenbaur, 1859, "Grundzüge der vergleichenden Anatomie." AMPHIBIA as a separate class, equivalent to that of the REPTILIA, are divided into the four Orders: _PERENNIBRANCHIATA_, _SALAMANDRINA_, _BATRACHIA_, and _GYMNOPHIONA_. In the second edition of the "Grundzüge" (1870) they are divided into _URODELA_, _ANURA_, and _GYMNOPHIONA_. Huxley, 1864, "The Elements of Comparative Anatomy." MAMMALS. SAUROIDS, subsequently changed into SAUROPSIDA = Reptilia + Aves. ICHTHYOIDS, " " ICHTHYOPSIDA = Amphibia + Pisces. Haeckel, 1866, "Generelle Morphologie." Amphibia. A. PHRACTAMPHIBIA s. Ganocephala = Labyrinthodonta + Peromela [Apoda]. B. LISSAMPHIBIA s. Sozobranchia = Sozura [Urodela] + Anura. Cope, 1869.[8] STEGOCEPHALI, GYMNOPHIDIA, URODELA, PROTEIDEA, TRACHYSTOMATA, ANURA. Huxley, 1871, "A Manual of the Anatomy of Vertebrated Animals." Amphibia I. SAUROBATRACHIA [v.d. Hoeven's term] s. URODELA 1. Proteidea. 2. Salamandridae. II. LABYRINTHODONTA. III. GYMNOPHIONA. IV. BATRACHIA s. ANURA. Boulenger, 1882, "Catalogue of the BATRACHIA GRADIENTIA s. CAUDATA and BATRACHIA APODA," divides the Caudata simply into: _SALAMANDRIDAE_, _AMPHIUMIDAE_, _PROTEIDAE_, and _SIRENIDAE_. 1882, "Cat. Batrachia Salientia s. Ecaudata," see p. 140. Cope, 1890, "Synopsis of the Families of Vertebrata."[9]