The pelvis is in every respect constructed upon the Mammalian plan. The three constituent parts meet at the acetabulum, and the ventral bones, pubes and ischia, form one broad symphysis, leaving two, sometimes very small, obturator-foramina. The ilium is attached to one to five sacral vertebrae, and since the whole pelvis slants obliquely downwards and backwards, this sacral attachment is distinctly pre-acetabular, perhaps most markedly so in _Dicynodon_. The limbs are mostly stout, humerus and femur with strong crests; the feet are thoroughly plantigrade, with five fingers and toes. The details of the carpus and tarsus are not well enough known to permit of generalisation, but there is a tendency to form a heel, and to develop the cruro-tarsal joint into the chief joint of the hind feet. The vertebrae are amphicoelous, sometimes with rather thin-walled centra, so that in these cases the chorda was continuous. Intercentral wedges, or basiventral elements, are frequent in the cervical and caudal regions. Most of the ribs, especially those of the neck, have a tuberculum attached to the neural arch, and a distinct capitulum which articulates either with the centrum or with the intercentrum, or lastly, if the latter is absent, between two centra. The axis and atlas vertebrae are united. The occipital condyle exhibits every stage between the single median knob (_Pareiasaurus_) formed almost entirely by the basioccipital bone, a triple condyle (_Dicynodon_) to which both lateral and the basioccipital bones contribute, and a kidney-shaped or double condyle (_Cynognathus_) from which the middle or basioccipital portion is more or less withdrawn. Dermal bony armour reached an extraordinary development on the head of _Pareisaurus_ and _Elginia_; whether other parts of the body were protected is doubtful, but the flattened tops of the neural spines of _Pareiasaurus_ suggest that they carried bony scutes. Abdominal protective ossifications are unknown. {303}Many of the Theromorpha[126] reached a considerable size, massive skulls of one foot in length being not uncommon. The tail was comparatively short.