_Altrices_ or _Nidicolae_.–Nestlings which, being hatched in a helpless condition, are fed by their parents or inhabit the nest for a considerable time. _Amnion._–A membrane which grows in the developing egg from the ends and sides of the embryonic area, and encloses the embryo at an early period. _Bronchi_ (p. 13). _Bronchial syrinx._–One in which outer tympaniform membranes exist between two or more successive bronchial semi-rings, while an inner tympaniform membrane may also be present. In typical cases the trachea has no sounding membranes. _Chest._–The same as the upper breast or base of fore-neck. _Chorion._–See _Allantois_. _Compressed._–Used of lateral compression as opposed to vertical (depressed). _Coverts (tectrices)._–Feathers that cover the base of the quills (_Remiges_, oar-feathers) of the wing and of the tail (_Rectrices_, steering-feathers). The wing exhibits several series above and below (greater, median, and lesser). Unless otherwise specified, "coverts" in the text refer to upper coverts. _Cubitals._– See _Secondaries_. _Cuneate._–Wedge-shaped. _Decomposed_ (p. 3). _Depressed._–See _Compressed_. _Distal._–That end of any part or member which is furthest from the imaginary centre or axis of the body. _Dorsal._–The upper side of the body; and hence applied to the corresponding surface of any part or parts of the structure. _Filoplumes._–Filamentous or hair-like feathers. _Flanks._–The portion of the sides near the leg. _Graduated._–Used of the tail when its feathers diminish in length gradually. _Hackles._–Elongated and pointed feathers, as on the neck of Fowls. _Heterodactylous_ (p. 10). _Hyoid Apparatus._–The bony and cartilaginous framework of the tongue. _Hypocleidium._–A projecting median process at the junction (_symphysis_) of the clavicles. _Lanceolate._–Used of the tongue, when pointed and (commonly) lengthened. _Lore._–The space between the bill and the eye. _Mantle._–The feathers of the upper back combined with the upper wing-coverts. _Manuals._–See _Primaries_. _Nidicolae._–See _Altrices_. _Nidifugae._–See _Praecoces_. _Oil-glands._–Secretory organs near the root of the tail, probably used in oiling the plumage. Some exhibit tufts of feathers, others are naked. _Operculum_ (p. 11). _Pamprodactylous_ (p. 10). {22}_Patella._–The knee-cap. _Pouches._–See _Air-sacs_. _Powder-down patches._–Groups of powder-down feathers (p. 3). _Praecoces_ or _Nidifugae_.–Nestlings which are hatched in a condition that enables them almost immediately to leave the nest and feed themselves. _Primaries_ or _Manuals_.–Those wing-quills (_Remiges_), varying from ten to twelve, borne by the _manus_ or hand. They should properly be counted outwards from the _carpus_ or wrist. _Procnemial._–In front of the knee.