The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 09 (of 10)Evans, A. H. (Arthur Humble)
Science
The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 09 (of 10)
Evans, A. H. (Arthur Humble)
Animals; Birds
It lays its pure white eggs without any nest in crevices of
rocks, breeding as late as June near Madeira. _B. macgillivrayi_, with
stouter bill, is known from the Fijian waters.
Our third group includes the true Storm-Petrels (_Procellaria_) and their
close allies the Fork-tailed Petrels (_Oceanodroma_), as well as
_Halocyptena microsoma_, a dark blackish bird from Western America, between
California and Panama. _P. pelagica_ of the Mediterranean and North
Atlantic from Greenland to South Africa, which breeds in Scotland, Ireland,
and the West of England, is sooty-black with the tail-coverts white, except
at the tips, and a little white on the wing-coverts. Named Mother Carey's
Chicken by sailors, who look upon it with superstitious dread, it is often
seen paddling along the waves in {68}stormy weather, thus gaining the name
of "Petrel" from the Apostle Peter; while it may be heard singing among the
boulders towards the end of June in Scotland, where it breeds more than a
month later than the "Lyrie" or Manx Shearwater. The note is shrill and the
flight somewhat butterfly-like. _P. tethys_, of the Galapagos and Western
Central America, has entirely white tail-coverts. _Oceanodroma_ contains
ten members inhabiting the northern hemisphere, and ranging southwards to
Peru and St. Helena, all being sooty-black except _O. furcata_, which is
chiefly ashy-grey, and _O. hornbyi_, which is brown, with white collar,
forehead, and under surface, and blacker head and wings. _O. leucorrhoa_
(Leach's Petrel) and _O. cryptoleucura_ possess white tail-coverts tipped
with black; the former having some breeding stations in Britain at St.
Kilda and a few islands on the west of Scotland and Ireland, and the latter
as far north as Madeira, though it extends to St. Helena, the Galapagos,
and the Sandwich Islands, and has recently occurred in England. The other
species are apparently met with only in the Pacific north of Panama, while
in habits the genus is not dissimilar to _Procellaria_.
[Illustration: FIG. 19.–Storm-Petrel. _Procellaria pelagica._ × ⅖.]
Sub-fam. 4. _Pelecanoïdinae._–These Diving-Petrels include _Pelecanoïdes
urinatrix_, of the vicinity of Australia, New Zealand, Cape Horn, and the
Falkland Islands, a glossy black bird with white under parts, some grey on
the sides of the neck, and grey and white on the scapulars; _P. exsul_, of
the Southern Indian Ocean, with grey throat; and _P. garnoti_ of Western
South America, {69}which is larger and quite white below. Of the first
Darwin says[71] that it "never leaves the quiet inland sounds. When
disturbed it dives to a distance, and, on coming to the surface, with the
same movement takes flight. After flying by the rapid movement of its short
wings for a space in a straight line, it drops as if struck dead, and dives
again." The egg is deposited in a small burrow; the note is a cackle or
moan.
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