The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 09 (of 10)Evans, A. H. (Arthur Humble)
Science
The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 09 (of 10)
Evans, A. H. (Arthur Humble)
Animals; Birds
Little object would be served by describing in detail the twenty members of
_Puffinus_ (Shearwater) or the thirty of _Oestrelata_, the main
constituents of our second group of Procellariinae. The former are
sooty-brown or greyish, commonly with white below, and in some cases with
white or pale edges to the feathers above; all are much alike except the
uniform species, but it should be carefully noted that Petrels are often
best distinguished by the colour of the bill and feet. The habits of these
birds, which are distributed throughout the greater part of the world, have
been already sufficiently treated. _P. anglorum_, the "Manx" Shearwater,
breeds along the west of Great Britain, in the Orkneys, Shetlands, and
Ireland, _P. major_ or _gravis_, _P. griseus_, _P. obscurus_, _P.
assimilis_, and _P. yelkouanus_, the âme damnée of the Bosphorus, being
occasional visitors to our shores. In _Oestrelata_ the coloration is grey,
brown, or blackish, with a decided tendency to lighter margins on the upper
feathers, and in a few of the members more or less white on the tail, wing,
or head; the under parts, moreover, being frequently white. The various
forms reach from the southern temperate regions to Japan and also to
Britain, where _Oe. haesitata_ and _Oe. brevipes_ {67}have each been
recorded once. The latter breeds on mountain-tops in islands, and of its
other congeners some at least do likewise, many having an extremely limited
range at all seasons.
_Priofinus cinereus_, the "Night-hawk," perhaps more noisy at night than
even certain Shearwaters, is greyish-brown above and white below; it
inhabits the southern oceans. _Thalassaeca antarctica_, restricted to the
Antarctic regions, is brown with white lower parts and some white on the
wing, tail, and their coverts. _Priocella glacialoïdes_ of the southern
seas, which ranges northwards to Washington State in the Pacific, and seems
to have the habits of a Fulmar, resembles that bird in its pearl-grey hue,
with nearly white head, neck, and under surface. _Majaqueus aequinoctialis_
of the regions south of lat. 30° S., known as the "Cape Hen," is
sooty-black with a white chin, _M. parkinsoni_ of New Zealand being uniform
in tint. The cry is a soft whistle, but the manners are in other respects
as in Shearwaters, except that a conical nest is constructed in a burrow,
whence a curious cackling noise issues during the period of incubation.[70]
_Pagodroma nivea_, of the icy regions of the south, is pure white with
black bill and yellowish feet; it remains on the wing until late at night,
and resembles _Prion_ generally in its ways. _Bulweria bulweri_, met with
once in England, inhabits the temperate parts of the North Atlantic and the
North Pacific, and breeds as near us as the Desertas; it is almost uniform
sooty-brown, and has the habits of a Storm-Petrel rather than of a
Shearwater, being bold but wary, and rapid in flight, with a loud, cheerful
quadruple note.
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