_Bubalis_, or _Alcelaphus_ as it is sometimes called, is an African genus, ranging however into Arabia. These Antelopes are characterised by the long skull and the doubly-curved horns. There are eight species of the genus, of which _B. caama_ is the {309} best known; this is the animal known as the Hartebeest. The Bontebok and Blessbok belong to a closely-allied genus, _Damaliscus_, distinguished mainly by the fact that the bony base of the horn cores is not extended upwards, and therefore the parietal bones are visible when the skull is viewed from in front, which is not the case in _Bubalis_. [Illustration] FIG. 160.--Brindled Gnu. _Connochaetes taurinus._ x 1/20. The Gnus, _Connochaetes_, are familiar owing to their curious aspect. The hairy face, and rump and tail like those of a pony are highly characteristic. The horns are bovine in appearance, standing outwards and then curving upwards.[212] There are three species of Gnu, all from South Africa. They are _C. gnu_, _C. taurinus_, and _C. albogulatus_. Of the Cephalophine section there are two genera:-- _Cephalophus_ is an African genus. These animals are known as Duikerboks; they are small, and have short non-curved horns in the male sex only. Their general aspect is not unlike that of certain Deer with simple horns, such as _Cervulus_. Messrs. Sclater and Thomas allow thirty-eight species. The {310} smallest species do not exceed the dimensions of a Hare. None are really large. _Tetraceros_ is an Indian genus characterised, as its name denotes, by the fact that it possesses four horns. It is the posterior pair which correspond to the single pair of _Cephalophus_. The anterior pair, which are much smaller and are sometimes absent, are a new pair. The female of this Antelope is hornless. Sheep are occasionally four-horned, and there is indeed a breed of such in Kashmir. A four-horned Chamois was described by the late Mr. Alston. The Klipspringer, _Oreotragus saltator_, is the first type of a third section; as its name denotes, it is an Antelope with Goat-like habits, being found particularly among rocks. The horns are short and straight. This, the only species of the genus, is African in range, of which its Dutch name gives evidence. A specimen in the Zoological Society's Gardens (as has been pointed out to me by Mr. Mercer) had the habit of depositing the secretion of the tear gland upon a mass of concrete in its enclosure, the secretion thus exuded forming a pointed heap of hardish matter. It may be that the object of this is to guide its fellows to its whereabouts. _Ourebia_ is a less-known genus, larger in size, but with horns of the same character, though longer. The Grysbok and the Steinbok, genus _Raphiceros_, have similar horns. This as well as the last two genera have horns in the male only.