The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 10 (of 10)Beddard, Frank E. (Frank Evers)
Science
The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 10 (of 10)
Beddard, Frank E. (Frank Evers)
Animals; Mammals
Mr. True's _P. dallii_ of the Pacific (where the Common Porpoise also
occurs) is characterised chiefly by its very long vertebral column,
consisting of ninety-eight vertebrae; there are only sixty-eight in the
other species. The Eastern genus _Neomeris_ is placed with _Phocaena_ by
Dr. Blanford. It practically only differs by the absence of a dorsal fin.
It is only about 4 feet long, and inhabits the seas of India, Cape of Good
Hope, and Japan. The one species is called _N. phocaenoides_.
The genus _Globicephalus_ is to be defined thus:--Teeth {375} seven to
twelve on each side, confined to anterior end of jaws. Skull raised into a
prominence behind the blow-hole; pterygoids large and in contact. Pectoral
fin long and falcate; dorsal fin present. No beak. Vertebral formula C 7,
D 11, L 11 to 14, Ca 27 to 29. Six pairs of the ribs are two-headed.
The best known species of the genus is the Ca'ing Whale, _G. melas_.[257]
This animal reaches a length of 20 feet, and is thus one of the largest of
the Delphinidae. It is gregarious and was, even is now, much hunted in the
Faeroe Islands. Its sheep-like habits (embodied in one scientific name
_deductor_) enable it to be easily driven on shore in herds, which are then
harpooned. The foetus of this Whale has a few hairs; the number of
phalanges in the two middle digits is very great, as many as eleven to
fourteen. _G. scammoni_, _G. brachypterus_, and _G. indicus_ are other
reputed species of the genus allowed by True and Blanford.
_Grampus_ is a genus allied to the last. It has no teeth in the upper jaw,
and but three to seven in the lower jaw, near the symphysis of the
mandible. The pterygoids are in contact. There is no beak, and the pectoral
fin is long. There are twelve pairs of ribs, of which six are two-headed.
Apparently there is but one species, _G. griseus_, known as "Risso's
Dolphin." It is a Mediterranean and Atlantic form, and is not common.
The genus _Orca_ has as characters:--Teeth ten to thirteen, long and
strong. Pterygoids not quite meeting. Vertebrae C 7, D 11 to 12, L 10,
Ca 23. The first two or three fused. The dorsal fin is long and pointed.
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