equalled, and a power of calculation, a force of insight and industry, and a capacity of mastering details, which Nature has seldom bestowed on man." Moreover, he had made a profound study of the campaigns of the great commanders, and had read many books of history, the perusal of which, says Lamartine, "changes theories into actions, and ideas into men." In short, he was a consummate master of war. The fact that he was a great organizer, a great tactician, and a great strategist, is the real reason why he was so successful in war. Among all other great soldiers of the world, it would be difficult to select a single one who possessed in so marked a degree all these qualities. As an organizer, he was not excelled by either Cæsar or Alexander; as a tactician he was equal to Marlborough or Frederick; as a strategist, he surpassed every soldier of ancient or of modern times. Take him all in all he was, perhaps, the foremost soldier of the world. * * * * * Twenty-one years after this campaign, the Emperor Napoleon lay dying at St. Helena. His thoughts were with his army. During a long delirium, while a fierce storm was raging on the island, he was heard to say: "mon fils ... l'armée ... Desaix." These were his last words. Perhaps, amidst the shock of the billows and the battle-like roar of the storm, the great captain believed himself once more with Desaix on the tumultuous field of Marengo. INDEX. Abercromby, General, commands British corps in Minorca, 22. Alesia, battle of, 86. Alexander the Great, compared with Napoleon, 232. Alison, Archibald, sets forth Napoleon's organizing ability, 228, 229. Allies, plans of, seemed reasonable, 25; advantages possessed by, 229. Alps, description of, 18; Swiss, Tyrolese, French, and Maritime, 19; passes of, 19. Apennines, description of, 19. Archduke Charles, ablest soldier in Austria, 23, 50; relieved of command, 23; opposes Napoleon in 1809, 38; quotation from, 45; his views sound, 50; should have been allowed his way, 51; had constructed an intrenched camp at Ulm, 94; reference to, 107; defeats the Republicans, 228. Arcole, battle of, 17, 76; campaign of, 33. Army of Italy, struggles heroically, 18; strength and position of, 21, 55, 79-80, 229; line of communication of, 21; necessity for its remaining along the Apennines, 46; in a destitute condition, 55; is cut in two, 63; its active operations terminate, 72; nothing done to improve condition of, 88; sufferings of, 89. Army of Reserve, the third army, 18; scattered throughout France, 22; destination of, to be kept secret, 28; caricatured 29; concentrates, 29; will cross the Alps, 29; could re-enforce either Moreau or Masséna, 31, 216; not imaginary, 74; strong enough at vital point, 90; crosses the Alps, 142; passes Fort Bard, 145; strength and position of, 229.